Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Shackleton A Man Called Intrepid, published in 1976, was an admiring portrait of Sir William Stephenson, the masterly Canadian-born intelligence operative who had deep connections to Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II and continued providing information to both Britain and the United States for many years afterward. [21], Not least of Stephenson's contributions to the war effort was the setting up by BSC of Camp X, the unofficial name of the secret Special Training School No. By the 1960s, Mr. Stevenson was working for the Near and Far East News Group, a propaganda arm of the British government, and becoming increasingly connected in the world of espionage. The town is also home to Sir William Stephenson Public School, which opened in 2004. Vilhjalmur Stefansson - Wikipedia [3] Adolphus Greely in 1912 first compiled the sightings recorded in earlier literature of fair-haired Arctic natives and in 1912 published them in the National Geographic Magazine entitled "The Origin of Stefansson's Blonde Eskimo". [23][24][25], Reports indicate that Camp X graduates worked as "secret agents, security personnel, intelligence officers, or psychological warfare experts, serving in clandestine operations. The Legend of Wild Bill: How Donovan Got His Nickname, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). William Stephenson passed away at age 38 years old in February 1979. George Stephenson (9 June 1781 - 12 August 1848) was a British civil engineer and mechanical engineer during the Industrial Revolution. They declined, electing instead to live off the land. What are the chances that my ancestor was an unsung part of the Heroic Age His friendship with Donovan helped create a lasting partnership between US and British intelligence. How, Walter E. [30], On 15 November 2009, Water Avenue in downtown Winnipeg was renamed William Stephenson Way.[31]. The book The Unseen Power: Public Relations states that Pendelton Dudley, once considered the "dean of public relations", convinced the American Meat Institute to fund this study. Stefansson had designs for forming an exploration company that would be geared towards individuals interested in touring the Arctic island. Millionaire and a Boxer. In 1990, he wrote Kiss the Boys Goodbye: How the United States Betrayed Its Own POWs in Vietnam, with Ms. Jensen, a former producer for 60 Minutes.. He was an ex-naval officer, having served in the Fleet Air Arm during the war with prominent Bermudian lawyer William Kempe (a founding partner of Appleby, Spurling & Kempe), a prominent Bermudian law firm (another author and frequent visitor to Bermuda was ex-naval officer Ian Fleming). Stefansson's personal papers and collection of Arctic artifacts are maintained and available to the public at the Dartmouth College Library. He also won the European lightweight boxing championship. [7][pageneeded], BSC purchased a ten-kilowatt transmitter from Philadelphia radio station WCAU and installed it at Camp X. Lionel - First Officer General "Wild Bill" Donovan presented the medal. Beneath her dress chunks of her were missing. William Stevenson (no relative to Stephenson) later published 2 books about him, A Man Called Intrepid (1977) and Intrepid's Last Case (1983). copyright issues | Borchgrevink - Southern Cross - 1898-1900 Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He also urged the Roosevelt Administration to establish a coordinator to oversee US intelligence collection and analysis efforts. Shirase - Kainan Maru - 1911-12 William Stephenson Obituary (1943 - 2019) - Raleigh, NC - The News The "Quiet Canadian" was recognized by his native land late: he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada on 17 December 1979, and invested in the Order on 5 February 1980. Stephenson had a broad base of industrial contacts in Europe, Britain and North America as well as a large group of contacts in the international film industry. Stevenson has claimed that Jill had an affair with Joe Biden while she was still married to him. In 1908, Stefansson made a decision that would affect the rest of his time in Alaska: he hired Natkusiak, an Inuk guide, who would remain with him as his primary guide for the rest of his Alaska expeditions. William Samuel Stephenson was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Jan. 11, 1896. Dec. 1, 2013. "t66bbl2n1xm{LqjvL{x7owp{r\\\\}4FD\\001;AF:l492lEo1Dr6Sir William Samuel Stephenson, KBE, CC, MC, DFC - Geni.com Later this was expanded to include "the assurance of American participation in secret activities throughout the world in the closest possible collaboration with the British". [20] Daily intake varied from 100-140 grams of protein, 200-300 grams of fat, and 7-12 grams of carbohydrates. Filchner - Deutschland - 1911-13 George B. Leavitt, a Massachusetts whaling ship captain and friend of Stefansson's who sometimes brought him replenishments of supplies from the American Museum of Natural History. Stephenson loved to tinker and innovate (his middle name was Samuel, after Samuel Morse), and he eventually became an expert with the radio.Right after graduating high school, Stephenson volunteered to serve in the Great War, and he was sent straight to the trenches with the . His organization's activities ranged from censoring transatlantic mail, breaking letter codes (which exposed at least one German spy in the US) and forging diplomatic documents, to obtaining Vichy French and Italian military codes, protecting against sabotage of American factories producing munitions for Britain, and training (at CAMP X, near Oshawa, Ont) allied agents for surreptitious entry into Nazi-occupied Europe. Orde-Lees, Thomas Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [5] Posted to 73 Squadron on 9 February 1918, he flew the Sopwith Camel biplane fighter and scored 12 victories to become a flying ace before he was shot down and crashed his plane behind enemy lines on 28 July 1918. In any event he was subsequently captured by the Germans and held as a prisoner of war until escaping in October 1918. He later joined the Royal Flying Corps and shot down 26 enemy planes. After the appearance of ''A Man Called Intrepid,'' written by the similarly named William Stevenson, some of Sir William's recollections were contested by Churchill's private secretary, John Colville. | Phillipson, D. (2015). In a 1946 ceremony, he became the first foreigner to receive the highest US civilian honor: the Medal of Merit. A spokesman for the family declined to give their surname. Early life [ edit] Stefansson, born William Stephenson, was born at Arnes, Manitoba, Canada, in 1879. [22] Located in Whitby, Ontario, this was the first such training school in North America. After their mother Elizabeth died, their father William eventually remarried and had further children by his second wife. Ross Sea Party "\\d(\\\"}fo;n uret}r);+)y+^(i)t(eAodrCha.c(xdeCoarChomfrg.intr=So+7;12%=;y+" + Previous to this he had destroyed a hostile scout and a two-seater plane. He was also in the construction, real estate, and steel businesses, and had invented the first device for sending photographs by radio. Zealand, Travel to Antarctica from the UK and Europe, Polar British Antarctic Expedition Stefansson documented the fact that the Inuit diet was then consisted about 90% meat and fish. McCarthy, Timothy Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. He is best known by his wartime intelligence codename Intrepid. Endurance, Weddell Sea Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan, "Further Discussion of the "Blond" Eskimo", "Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Ada Blackjack and the Canadian invasion of Russia", "Stefansson Receives Honor By American Polar Society", "The Society: Past Presidents of the History of Science Society", As Told at The Explorers Club: More Than Fifty Gripping Tales Of Adventure, The Luck of the Karluk: Shipwrecked in the Arctic, "The Radical 'Second Life' of Vilhjalmur Stefansson", "WILLIAM BANTING: The Father of the Low-Carbohydrate Diet", Vitamin C in the Inuit diet: past and present, "A Study of the Blood Lipoids and Blood Protein in Canadian Eastern Arctic Eskimos", "The Effect of an Exclusive Meat Diet Lasting One Year on the Carbohydrate Tolerance of Two Normal Men", "Adventures in Diet Part 2 (Harper's Monthly Magazine)", "Clinical Calorimetry: XLV. The ship, with Captain Robert Bartlett of Newfoundland and 24 other expedition members aboard, drifted westward with the ice and was eventually crushed. In August 1951, he was denounced as a communist before a Senate Internal Security subcommittee by Louis F. Budenz, a Communist-turned-Catholic. - Motor Expert and Storekeeper Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. What did william stephenson invent? In recommending Stephenson for the knighthood, Winston Churchill wrote: "This one is dear to my heart. [2], Christian Klengenberg is first credited to have introduced the term "Blonde Eskimo" to Stefansson just before Stefansson's visit to the Inuit inhabiting southwestern Victoria Island, Canada, in 1910. A little later, these OSS officers formed the core of the CIA. ''That was my only training in espionage,'' Sir William later recalled, but in 1940 Churchill sent Intrepid to New York with the title of British Passports Control Officer. He has further proved himself a keen antagonist in the air, having, during recent operations, accounted for six enemy aeroplanes. He was 93. British Antarctic Expedition "[23][24] Camp X graduates operated in Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy and the Balkans) as well as in Africa, Australia, India and the Pacific. After the war ended, Stephenson became an entrepreneur and inventor, but he grew concerned about the growing power of Nazi Germany. In addition to his patent royalties, Stephenson swiftly diversified into several lucrative industries: radio manufacturing (General Radio Company Limited[9]); aircraft manufacturing (General Aircraft Limited); Pressed Steel Company that manufactured car bodies for the British motor industry; construction and cement as well as Shepperton Studios and Earls Court. As British security coordinator in the Western Hemisphere during the war, he launched a program of Anglo-American cooperation and espionage that was decisive in the fight against the Nazis. Stefansson's explanation was that he and five other expedition members left to go hunting to provide fresh meat for the crew. The same is true of his otherwise very-complete obituary in The New York Times of August 27, 1962.[19]. - Geologist In the summer of 1941, President Roosevelt did just that by establishing the Coordinator of Information office (COI). We are allowed to provide substitutes. 103 trained Allied agents in the techniques of secret warfare for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) branch of the British Intelligence Service. For the rest of an entire year, paid observers followed them to ensure dietary compliance. "[2], As head of the BSC, Stephenson handed British scientific secrets over to Franklin D. Roosevelt and relayed American secrets back to Winston Churchill. Neither of the two men suffered any adverse after-effects from their four-year experiment. website. Shot down and captured on a mission, Stephenson managed to escape in October 1918. I wasnt causing anybody harm, unless it was people I did not like who were Communists.. His office, he acknowledged 30 years later, was "the hub of all branches of British intelligence." Stefansson joined the Explorers Club in 1908, four years after its founding. In 1976 British-born Canadian author William Stevenson published a biography of Stephenson, A Man Called Intrepid. ), Here are a few tales of one of WWIIs most infamous intelligence officers, the man code-named Intrepid.. "Wild Bill" Donovan, who had recently toured British defences and gained the confidence of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. [20], While there was considerable skepticism when Stefansson reported his findings about the viability of an exclusively meat diet, his claims have been borne out in later studies and analyses. the expedition, he is assumed to have returned to Hull and carried Wild, Frank His chosen rail gauge, sometimes called "Stephenson gauge", was the basis for the 4 feet 8 + 1 2 . Stephenson died on May 18, 1895. Stefansson remained a well-known explorer for the rest of his life. {"+ William Stephenson - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia "3__4342r4qDp}nw7umntxrE9DrF{1ox0DF0D\\001G+.5mJH;~qtq.J\\177h3__33~q,omxuo"+ Parkas | "V@uwql1juiprkFudrFhgf+\\000,rnhg{@%>{@**>iru+l@3>l?+nrgh1ohqjwk04,>l. Sale Boots | Outdoors Clothing During his college years, in 1899, he changed his name to Vilhjalmur Stefansson. Stefansson organized and directed the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 19131916 to explore the regions west of Parry Archipelago for the Government of Canada. Federal law permitted . Crean, Thomas Although Roosevelt didn't establish exactly what Sir William had in mind, the organization created represented a revolutionary step in the history of American intelligence. *Photos were provided courtesy of The Intrepid Society. [5] However, due to the dangerous outcome of his initial trip to the island, the government refused to assist with the expedition. Kerr, Alexander. Contributions of William Stephenson? - Answers Stefansson later referenced Greely's work in his writings and the term "Blonde Eskimo" became applied to sightings of fair-haired Inuit from as early as the 17th century.[4]. The boy went to work at an early age and without formal . By late that year, Mr. Stevenson had moved to Bermuda. Some of the book's statements have been called into question; in a review the same year, Hugh Trevor-Roper wrote that "This book is, from start to finish, utterly worthless," while other former intelligence personnel and historians criticized the book for inaccuracies. Minutes, Explorer's Club, January 4, 1938. In 1914 he dropped out of college to join the Royal Canadian Engineers and suffered gas poisoning in France. Times have changed, he said. He was the first explorer to sail around the Earth three times. He was credited with shooting down 26 enemy planes and won Britain's Distinguished Flying Cross and the French Croix de Guerre. Sir William, who was buried yesterday in Bermuda, is survived by a daughter, Elizabeth, and a grandson, Rhys. 2 During the same flight he caused a stampede amongst some enemy transport horses on a road. [20] At the height of the war Bayly, a University of Toronto professor from Moose Jaw, created the Rockex, the fast secure communications system that would eventually be relied on by all the Allies. George Stephenson was a pioneer in transportation history. Hussey, He was 66. After the war he adapted it, obtained patents worldwide and made it the cornerstone of a future fortune. James Clark Ross - 1839-1843 Prolonged Meat Diets With A Study Of Kidney Function And Ketosis", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vilhjalmur_Stefansson&oldid=1149319021, History of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada), Royal Canadian Geographical Society fellows, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 13:40. /* Sir William Stephenson: The Origin of Intrepid George E. - Official Artist Bite marks covered her face, neck, breasts, back, legs and ankles, a macabre pattern of polka dots etched along her skin. D. C. Stephenson - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Stephenson&oldid=1162171758, institute security measures against sabotage to British property; and. two being McNish and Vincent for whom there were reasons of He was also amateur light heavyweight boxing champion of the world. The manuscript was finished in a little more than a week. Died at Paget, Bermuda, 31 January 1989. William Stephenson - Ohio History Central In 1921, he encouraged and planned an expedition for four young men to colonise Wrangel Island north of Siberia, where the eleven survivors of the 22 men on the Karluk had lived from March to September 1914. David Curtis " Steve " Stephenson (August 21, 1891 - June 28, 1966) was an American Ku Klux Klan leader, convicted rapist and murderer. Phillipson, Donald J.c.. "Sir William Stephenson". William Stephenson - Spartacus Educational His prior experience was that lean meat would lead to illness after the second or third fatless week. He had retired by then, moving to Bermuda in 1968. William Stephenson (1939 - 2011) - Lima, Ohio - AncientFaces 19201929", Site "Histoire de la tlvision". Corrections? During the incident Stephenson was injured by fire from a German ace pilot, Justus Grassmann,[6] by friendly fire (according to a French observer),[7][pageneeded] or by both. A. They may have included Ian Fleming (though there is evidence to the contrary), future author of the James Bond books. "gh1ohqjwk04,=**,>\";x='';for(i=0;i*@>*ri+u@l>3?lrnhgo1qhwj>k.l,.f~n@gr1hkfudrFhgwDl+0,>6ilf+3?f,@.54>;. Intrepid Park, named after Stephenson's wartime code name, is located in southern Oshawa near the original Camp X site. Bartlett and the Inuk hunter Kataktovik made their way across sea ice to Siberia to get help. buy UK. His reputation was severely tainted by this disaster, along with that of the Karluk.[5]. Dr. Alexander H. - Surgeon 1953. were following that event? Under the auspices of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, he and Dr. Rudolph Martin Anderson undertook the ethnological survey of the central Arctic coasts of the shores of North America from 1908 to 1912. While the Inuit diet derived a percentage of its calories from the glycogen found in the raw meats, the native Inuit ate a diet of primarily stewed (boiled) fresh fish and fatty meats such as caribou, whale, or seal, while occasionally eating raw fish.[22][23][24]. He was educated at the universities of North Dakota and of Iowa (A.B., 1903). He conveyed this information to the British secret service. Women's After the war he pursued various business ventures and inventions and launched himself on a career as an industrialist, manufacturing such diverse products as radios, phonographs, automobiles, and airplanes; he also moved into construction, real estate, and steel. William Stephenson | Canadian industrialist | Britannica Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. he had been a trawlerman on the fishing boats sailing out of Sir William Stephenson. Stephenson alerted Donovan that Germany would declare war on the US before Roosevelt could declare war on Germany. [13], In 1941, he became the third honorary member of the American Polar Society. "Murder Wasn't Very Pretty": The Rise and Fall of D.C. Stephenson He was born in Manitoba, Canada. McLean Stevenson Dies at 66; Star of TV's 'M*A*S*H' Series Wordie, James M. Only four of the crew were not given Polar Medals, the other - Quest - 1921-22 While many Northern states had provisions outlawing slavery, runaway slaves did not necessarily gain their freedom upon arriving in a free state. In the summer of 1976, many years after he had returned to Canada and a few months after A Man Called Intrepid had risen to the top of best-seller lists, he received a telegram from an informant from the old days. On 2 May 2000, CIA Executive Director David W. Carey, representing Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet and Deputy Director John A. Gordon, accepted from the Intrepid Society of Winnipeg, Manitoba, a bronze statuette of Stephenson. Mr. Stevenson, a pilot who flew for the British during World War II, fashioned himself into a foreign correspondent for The Toronto Star after the war. But he never really stopped serving the British government. Stefansson produced the first written records of several places, such as Brock, Mackenzie King, Borden, Meighen, and Lougheed Islands[7] and the edge of the continental shelf. In June 1917 he was "on command" to the Cadet Wing of the Royal Flying Corps at Denham Barracks, Buckinghamshire. Hydra Network communicated vital messages between Canada, the United States and Great Britain. Blackjack was not rescued until 1923, having spent a total of two years on Wrangel Island.