2nd official language of karnataka

The Karnataka Premier League is an inter-regional Twenty20 cricket tournament played in the state. Marathi (3.29%) is concentrated in areas of Uttara Kannada, Belgaum and Bidar districts bordering Maharashtra. Urdu is spoken widely by the Muslim population. Andayya may be considered as a protector of Kannada poets who were ridiculed by Sanskrit advocates. These are some examples that are proof of the early usage of a few Kannada origin words in early Tamil inscriptions before the common era and in the early centuries of the common era. Languages of Karnataka Kannada: Kannada is the official language of Karnataka. Old Kannada commentaries on some of his works exist. Battle of Raichur. Most of the holy sites of Lingayatism, like Kudalasangama and Basavana Bagewadi, are found in northern parts of the state. Most people in the southern Indian state of Karnataka speak Kannada, and there are speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala and Goa.There are some differences in the way Kannada is spoken in these places.There are about 44 million people who speak the language. Following the long-standing demand of the Ekikarana Movement, Kodagu- and Kannada-speaking regions from the adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporated into the Mysore state, under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. Official Languages Commission [181] The Sports Authority of India, the premier sports institute in the country, and the Nike Tennis Academy are also situated in Bangalore. Other minority languages spoken include Urdu, Konkani, Marathi, Tulu, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kodava and Beary. Bengaluru/Karnataka: Ahead of state Assembly elections, the Karnataka government has is expected to declare Tulu as the second official language of the state. Kannada is also spoken in the states that border Karnataka. It is also known as Banglori, Canarese, Havyaka or Kanarese. The state covers an area of 191,791km2 (74,051sqmi), or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India. [152][153] The earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga (a treatise on alakra) of the 9th century, and Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana (both authored by Nagavarma II in the first half of the 12th century).[153]. The first available Kannada book, a treatise on poetics, rhetoric and basic grammar is the Kavirajamarga from 850AD. Many cricketers have represented India and in one international match held in the 1990s; players from Karnataka composed the majority of the national team. [44] He mentions a Satavahana king Sire Polemaios, who is identified with Sri Pulumayi (or Pulumavi), whose name is derived from the Kannada word for Puli, meaning tiger. Amrita University Mysore Campus Mysore 570 026 Tel: 011- 26134345, Mob: +91-9811733378 E-mail : pbilimale@gmail.com. [17] Evidence of neolithic and megalithic cultures have also been found in the state. The major linguistic minority groups in the State comprise the speakers of Urdu (9.72%), Telugu (8.34%), Marathi (3.95%), Tamil (3.82%), Malayalam (1.69%), Tulu (3.38%) and Hindi (1.87%). [148], In old Kannada at around 10th-14th century, many of the initial /p/ debuccalized into a /h/ e.g. The Western Chalukyas patronised a unique style of architecture and Kannada literature which became a precursor to the Hoysala art of the 12th century. Literature flourished during this time, which led to the emergence of distinctive Kannada literary metres, and the construction of temples and sculptures adhering to the Vesara style of architecture. This Old Kannada work, Kavirajamarga, itself in turn refers to a Palagannada (Old Kannada) of much ancient times, which is nothing but the Pre-Old Kannada and also warns aspiring Kannada writers to avoid its archaisms, as per R. S. Hukkerikar. Each district (zila) is governed by a district commissioner (ziladar). Gunanandi, an expert in logic, Kannada grammar and prose, flourished in the 9th century AD. 332337. [20] It is also spoken as a second and third language by over 12.9million non-native speakers in Karnataka. [34] The Cholas and the Hoysalas fought over the region in the early 12th century before it eventually came under Hoysala rule. [95], Kuvempu, the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate, the state anthem of Karnataka[96] Lingayatism preached women equality by letting women wear Ishtalinga i.e. Matthew A. Sherring describes the Golars and Holars as a pastoral tribe from the Godavari banks established in the districts around Nagpur, in the stony tracts of Ambagarh, forests around Ramplee and Sahangadhee. Karnataka 2nd PUC Supplementary results 2023 declared @ karresults.nic The later inscriptions were studied in detail by Iravatham Mahadevan also. Its capital and largest city is Bengaluru (Bangalore). [54] Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at Supa, Bagalkot, Shorapur, Nargund and Dandeli. Among them are Kundagannada (spoken exclusively in Kundapura, Brahmavara, Bynduru and Hebri), Sirsi Kannada Primarily spoken in Sirsi and its neighbouring taluks, Nadavar-Kannada (spoken by Nadavaru), Havigannada (spoken mainly by Havyaka Brahmins), Are Bhashe (spoken by Gowda community mainly in Madikeri and Sullia region of Dakshina Kannada), Malenadu Kannada (Sakaleshpur, Coorg, Shimoga, Chikmagalur), Sholaga, Gulbarga Kannada, Dharawad Kannada etc. The state has three principal geographical zones: The bulk of the state is in the Bayaluseeme region, the northern part of which is the second-largest arid region in India. "Traditional Soil Groups of Karnataka and their Geographic Distribution". Examples of naturalised Sanskrit words in Kannada are: vara (colour), prime, and rya from rja (king). [35][36][37][38] The expansion of the Hoysala Empire brought minor parts of modern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu under its rule. This was the basis of the Lingayat faith which today counts millions among its followers. . This page was last edited on 22 June 2023, at 06:02. [46], An early ancestor of Kannada (or a related language) may have been spoken by Indian traders in Roman-era Egypt and it may account for the Indian-language passages in the ancient Greek play known as the Charition mime.[47]. [131][132][133] The state has 18,000 hectares of land under flower cultivation, an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide. . Harihara established the Ragale form of composition while Raghavanka popularised the Shatpadi (six-lined stanza) meter. Kannada Language Program | AIIS LANGUAGES PROGRAM The cave temples at Badami and the rock-cut temples at Aihole representing the Badami Chalukyan style of architecture are also popular tourist destinations. cevi "ear".[151]. [35], Iravatam Mahadevan, author of a work on early Tamil epigraphy, argued that oral traditions in Kannada and Telugu existed much before written documents were produced. Kodava, spoken in the Kodagu district of Karnataka; Kutchi the language of Kutch, a region in Gujarat; Tulu spoken by the Tulu people of Karnataka and Kerala; Bangalore University, Rani Channamma University, Belagavi, Gulbarga University, Karnatak University, Kuvempu University, Mangalore University and Mysore University. [87], Buddhism was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as Gulbarga and Banavasi. [citation needed], This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Hari") and took shape in the 13th century 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. [49][83] Kavirajamarga by King Nripatunga Amoghavarsha I (850AD) is the earliest existing literary work in Kannada. [110] A famous Jaina writer of the same period is Janna, who expressed Jain religious teachings through his works. Kannada language | Britannica Tulu, Konkani and Kodava are other minor native languages that share a long history in the state. Ramanuja, the leading expounder of Vishishtadvaita, spent many years in Melkote. Another 25,000 monuments are yet to receive protection. The economy of Karnataka is the fifth-largest of any Indian state with 20.5 trillion (US$260billion) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of 305,000 (US$3,800). Brill, p16,18, "The author endeavours to demonstrate that the entire Sangam poetic corpus follows the "Kavya" form of Sanskrit poetry"-Tieken, Herman Joseph Hugo. On January 30, Kannada and Culture Minister V Sunil Kumar announced the formation of a group to assess the case for Tulu becoming an official language in Karnataka and offer suggestions. [75] It also has 27 wildlife sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries. Govt. In 1950, Mysore became an Indian state of the same name; the former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh (head of state) until 1975. [79], In 2007 the state had a birth rate of 2.2%, a death rate of 0.7%, an infant mortality rate of 5.5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.2%. [153], The total lengths of National Highways and State Highways in Karnataka are 3,973 and 9,829km (2,469 and 6,107mi), respectively. The official language of Punjab and Chandigarh, 2nd official language of Delhi and Haryana: 17: Sanskrit: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand: 18: . [97][98], Tulu is the majority language in the coastal district of Dakshina Kannada and is the second most spoken in the Udupi district. [8] Karnataka has the fifteenth-highest ranking among Indian states in Human Development Index. They are pluralised like nouns and the first- and second-person pronouns have different ways to distinguish number. State government has constituted a committee to look into the matter. Step 1: Visit the official website at karresults.nic.in Step 2: On the homepage, click on the link available for Karnataka PUC supplementary result 2023 Step 3: A new page will open, enter your . With this, the long-pending demand of the Tulu-speaking population is. Among sweets, Mysore Pak, Karadantu of Gokak and Amingad, Belgaavi Kunda and Dharwad pedha are popular. [citation needed], Saree is the traditional dress of women in Karnataka. Karnataka govt likely to declare Tulu as second official language 2, Sahitya Akademi (1988), pp. Along with some ISO certified government-owned hospitals, private institutions which provide international-quality services, Hospitals in Karnataka treat around 8,000 health tourists every year.[199]. The Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service and assisted by the officers of the Karnataka Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. Later in 1957, AIR adopted the original name of the radio station, Aakashavani as its own. BJP-led Karnataka govt constitutes committee to submit report on The districts are further divided into sub-districts (talukas), which are governed by sub-commissioners (talukdars); sub-divisions comprise blocks (tehsils/hobli), which are governed by block development officers (tehsildars), which contain village councils (panchayats), town municipal councils (purasabhe), city municipal councils (nagarasabhe), and city municipal corporations (mahanagara palike). [88] Pujyapada also called Devanandi, was the preceptor of Ganga king Durvinita and belonged to the late 5th to early 6th century AD. Karnataka has 25 wildlife sanctuaries and five national parks. The 543AD Badami cliff inscription of Pulakesi I is an example of a Sanskrit inscription in old Kannada script. 2005. [citation needed], Notable sportsmen from Karnataka include B.S. The number of written symbols, however, is far more than the forty-nine characters in the alphabet, because different characters can be combined to form compound characters (ottakshara). [37][38][39], In some 3rd1st century BC Tamil inscriptions, words of Kannada influence such as Naliyura, kavuDi and posil were found. The vowels /i i e e/ may be preceded by /j/ and the vowels /u u o o/ may be preceded by // when they are in an initial position. Some of the birds found here are the great hornbill, the Malabar pied hornbill, the Ceylon frogmouth, herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons, quails, partridges, lapwings, sandpipers, pigeons, doves, parakeets, cuckoos, owls, nightjars, swifts, kingfishers, bee-eaters and munias. Karnataka | History, Map, Capital, & Government | Britannica Under the rule of Krishnadevaraya, a distinct form of literature and architecture evolved. [citation needed], Karnataka occupies a special place in the history of Indian radio. Languages of Karnataka The written form is more or less consistent throughout Karnataka. 1717, 1474, The coins are preserved at the Archaeological Section, Prince of Wales Museum of Western India, Mumbai Kundangar and Moraes in, The coin is preserved at the Indian Historical Research Institute, St. Xavier's College, Mumbai Kundangar and Moraes in, This shows that the native vernacular of the Goa Kadambas was Kannada , Two coins of the Hangal Kadambas are preserved at the Royal Asiatic Society, Mumbai, one with the Kannada inscription, R. Narasimhacharya (1934), pp. The supplementary examination was conducted . He may possibly be the same as the Kaviswara referred to in the Kavirajamarga, and the Kaviparameswara praised by Chavunda Raya (978AD) and his spiritual teacher, Nemichandra (10th century AD), all the names possibly being only epithets. [41][42] In 1537, Kempe Gowda I, a chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a fort and established the area around it as Bengaluru Pete. R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P, Zvelebil (1973), p. 7 (Introductory, chart), Encyclopaedia of Indian literature vol. [126] Exports from these firms exceeded 500 billion (equivalent to 1.4trillion or US$17billion in 2020) in 200607, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India. Here the honorific appa to a person's name is an influence from Kannada. The Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot, includes the western region of Karnataka. Constitutional government in India. Dhoti, known as Panche in Karnataka, is the traditional attire of men. [96] Other writers, whose works are not extant now but titles of which are known from independent references such as Indranandi's "Srutavatara", Devachandra's "Rajavalikathe",[90] Bhattakalanka's "Sabdanusasana" of 1604,[84] writings of Jayakirthi[101] are Syamakundacharya (650), who authored the "Prabhrita", and Srivaradhadeva (also called Tumubuluracharya, 650 or earlier), who wrote the "Chudamani" ("Crest Jewel"), a 96,000-verse commentary on logic. Kasturi, a popular Kannada writer, Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate, Jaya he Karnataka Maate, villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation, Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation, North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation, List of institutions of higher education in Karnataka, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Bangalore, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, National Law School of India University Bangalore, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, "Karnataka CM swearing in ceremony live updates: 'In larger interest of party,' says DK Shivakumar on becoming deputy CM and Siddaramaiah as new CM", "Protected Areas of India: State-wise break up of Wildlife Sanctuaries", "Udupi-Chikmagalur: A constituency that's beset by problems", "THE KARNATAKA OFFICIAL LANGUAGE ACT, 1963", "Census 2011 (Final Data) Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)", "Census Reference Tables, B-Series - Area", "Seven Indian villages where people speak in Sanskrit", "Know about these 4 Indian villages where SANSKRIT is still their first language", "Five Indian villages where sanskrit is spoken", "Structural evolution of the Peninsular Gneiss an early Precambrian migmatitic complex from South India", "Chapter 19 Geological history of the KaladgiBadami and Bhima basins, south India: sedimentation in a Proterozoic intracratonic setup", "Application of indicators for identifying climate change vulnerable areas in semi-arid regions of India", "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (up to 2012)", "Seville 5, Internal Meeting of Expects, Proceedings, Pamplona, Spain, 2327 October 2000", "Karnataka Population Sex Ratio in Karnataka Literacy rate data", "Karnataka to standardize costs of medical tourism services", "Karnataka bets big on healthcare tourism", "Language India, States and Union Territories", "The Karnataka Local Authorities (Official Language) Act, 1981", "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages", "The anatomy of Indian literary prizes: Who writes the award-winning books in India?-Living News , Firstpost", "Konkani script row may now reach Supreme Court", "Kodava Speech Community: An Ethnolinguistic Study", "Origin and Growth of Karnataka Legislature", "Karnataka Politics Suspense till 27 January", "Government not keen on solving Kasaragod dispute", "Border row: Government told to find permanent solution", "Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Karnataka", "State and district domestic product of Karnataka", "Report on employment-unemployment survey", "Table 162, Number and Percentage of Population Below Poverty Line", "Karnataka Human Development Report 2005", "Karnataka: KREDL tenders 1.2 GW of solar PV", "Kotak Mahindra, EIB to Invest in India's SolarArise", "IT exports from Karnataka cross Rs 50k cr", "Karnataka / Bangalore News: State Cabinet approves IT park near Devanahalli airport", "India's silicon valley 'living the dream', "Locating Bengaluru as India's Silicon Valley", "Bangalore tops biocluster list with Rs 1,400-cr revenue", "Karnataka aims to become $50 billion bioeconomy by 2025", "Karnataka aims at $50 billion bio-economy by 2025", "Karnataka set to add value to its flower power", "State/Union Territory-Wise Number of Branches of Scheduled Commercial Banks and Average Population Per Bank Branch March 2002", "Karnataka silk weavers fret over falling profits due to globalisation", "Odds galore, but Karnataka's silk city Ramanagara survives", "Raichur: Four greenfield airports may be ready in 3-4 years in Karnataka", "Karnataka's Shivamogga airport to be completed in a year", "Vijayapura airport gets Karnataka cabinet nod, 18-month deadline to start operations", "Karnataka to get brand-new airport at Vijayapura", "Prime Minister to Dedicate Konkan Railway Line to Nation on 1 May", "Prefeasibility Report on Development of Captive Port at Padubidri", "Foreigners can enter India through five ports on e-visa", "Nautica and Norwegian Star cruise through M'luru coast", "NMP draws up big plans to ramp up cruise tourism", "Nitin Gadkari inaugurates 33 highway projects worth Rs 11,000 crore in Karnataka", "NHAI developing four national highways in Karnataka: Karjol", "MHRD, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF)", "Number of schools in Karnataka on 31-03-2006", "Districtwise and Universitywise degree college statistics for 200607", "First IIT in Karnataka to Come up in Dharwad", "Konkani as a third optional language in Schools", "Mangalore: Tulu Enters Schools as a Language of Study", "Violent clashes over hijab ban in southern India force schools to close", "Times Group acquires Vijayanand Printers", "Karnataka seal seventh Ranji Trophy title", "ODI no. In a final position, this phenomenon occurs less frequently. Media related to Kannada language at Wikimedia Commons. Most notable among the modernists was the poet Nandalike Muddana whose writing may be described as the "Dawn of Modern Kannada", though generally, linguists treat Indira Bai or Saddharma Vijayavu by Gulvadi Venkata Raya as the first literary works in Modern Kannada. [99] This region is also known as Tulu Nadu. 3300 BCE. [65][66] Prior to the Halmidi inscription, there is an abundance of inscriptions containing Kannada words, phrases and sentences, proving its antiquity. [74] The manuscript contains 1478 leaves written using ink. an arrow, etc.) Kodava Takk is the language of Kodagu. The result for the same was declared on April 21, 2023. [91] "Gunagankiyam", the earliest known prosody in Kannada, was referenced in a Tamil work dated to 10th century or earlier ("Yapparungalakkarigai" by Amritasagara). 4)unauthorized users shall not add or change information available which can have legal consequences and may be subjected to fine under IT act (2000). Carnatic music'). "[129], Modern Kannada in the 20th century has been influenced by many movements, notably Navodaya, Navya, Navyottara, Dalita and Bandaya. ", "Kannada inscription at Talagunda of 370 CE may replace Halmidi inscription as the oldest", "Mysore scholar deciphers Chandragiri inscription", "HISTORIAN'S STUDY PUSHES EARLIEST RECORD OF KANNADA WRITING BACK BY A CENTURY", "Badami: Chalukyans' magical transformation", "A WARRIOR-RULER STELE FROM SRI KSETRA, PYU, BURMA", "5th century copper coin discovered at Banavasi", "The place of Kannada and Tamil in India's national culture", "GOA ON THE THRESHOLD OF THE 20TH CENTURY", "Tribes of Uttara Kannada-The Halakki Tribe", "Region between Godavari, Cauvery was once Karnataka", "Kannada Dialect Dictionaries and Dictionaries in Subregional Languages of Karnataka", "Today's Paper / NATIONAL: 100 years on, words never fail him", "Language in India: Kannada, threatened at home", "Indian inscriptions-South Indian inscriptions, Vol 20, 18, 17, 15, 11 and 9, Archaeological survey of India, What Is India Publishers (P) Ltd", English to Kannada Dictionary, Kannada to English Dictionary PDF, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kannada&oldid=1161359703, Languages with own distinct writing systems, Languages officially written in Indic scripts, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles containing Kannada-language text, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2022, Articles containing Old Tamil-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2010, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0. [122], Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest public sector industries in India, including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bharat Earth Movers Limited and HMT (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), which are based in Bangalore. [154][155], The state transport corporations, transports an average of 2.2million passengers daily and employs about 25,000 people. 1995. [13][14][15], Though several etymologies have been suggested for the name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and ndu, meaning "elevated land". State animal : Elephant. Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern Mendale Takka and the southern Kiggaati Takka. Bisi bele bath, Jolada rotti, Ragi mudde, Uppittu, Benne Dose, Masala Dose and Maddur Vade are some of the popular food items in Karnataka. He was said to have born in Utkalikagrama and while performing penance in Manuvakahalli, he was attacked by a disease called Bhasmaka. The Haridasa movement of the sixteenth century contributed significantly to the development of Karnataka (Carnatic) music as a performing art form. Karnataka is bordered by the Lakshadweep Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. In the early 14th century, Harihara and Bukka Raya established the Vijayanagara empire with its capital, Hosapattana (later named Vijayanagara), on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the modern Bellary district. [88][90][95] Gunanandi (900AD), quoted by the grammarian Bhattakalanka and always addressed as Bhagawan (the adorable), was the author of a logic, grammar and sahitya. [52], As the "doctrine of lapse" gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, Kittur Chennamma, Sangolli Rayanna and others spearheaded rebellions in Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He also mentions Barace (Barcelore), referring to the modern port city of Mangaluru, upon its mouth. [149], Kannada lacks the palatalization of k's before front vowels which was done by Tamil-Malayalam languages and independently by Telugu, e.g. Women in Kodagu have a distinct style of wearing the saree, different from the rest of Karnataka. There are Tibetan refugee camps in Karnataka. [128] The first novel printed was John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, along with other texts including Canarese Proverbs, The History of Little Henry and his Bearer by Mary Martha Sherwood, Christian Gottlob Barth's Bible Stories and "a Canarese hymn book. [12] It is the sixth-largest Indian state by area. There were around 3,600 speakers of this dialect as per the 1901 census. [107] However, the constitutional and formal head of the state is the Governor who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice of the Union government.
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