Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book. Race, class, and gender differences in marital satisfaction and divisions of household labor among dual-earner couples: A case for intersectional analysis. Since the 1950s and 1960s, however, technological change has brought with it the transformation of production systems, as well as developments in areas such as communications and financial intermediation that have contributed to the globalisation of markets and cultures. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. Kamo, Y., & Cohen, E. L. (1998). Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. The COVID-19 pandemic also made it difficult for more junior faculty hires to find housing, which became more expensive and more difficult to secure (Brooks, 2020). Domestic labor and marital satisfaction: How much or how satisfied? Spillover from family to work: The neglected side of the work-family interface. www./eeds.ac.uk/esrcfutureofwork/, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619205.011, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Efficient and widely available contraception led to widespread family limitation, and an increasing number of women found themselves available for employment by their late thirties and early forties. Unbending gender: Why family and work conflict and what to do about it. Data from the survey discussed in Chapter 2 identified strategies that women faculty use to manage boundaries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Marital happiness and household equity in later life. Washington DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1986. 1. Sullivan, O., Coltrane, S., McAnnally, L., & Altintas, E. (2009). Boundary control refers to an employees ability to control how they manage the boundary between work and nonwork roles and considers whether an employee can maintain the boundary aligned with their preferences (Kossek et al., 2012; Wotschack et al., 2014). This results in a shocking gender gap in labour force participation of 43 percentage Bianchi, S. M., Robinson, J. P., & Milkie, M. A. About 60 percent of eldercare providers work while caregiving, with most reporting that caregiving negatively affects their work (National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP, 2020). Szinovacz, M. (2000). The gender differences associated with caring for others is not limited to home, and, in fact, womens care work roles often extend into the work domain. WebDefinition English: The division of labor refers to the way each society divides work among men and women, boys and girls, according to socially-established gender roles or what The exchange value of housework. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. The only reported home intervention for securing stretches of time to complete work was to trade off working shifts with a partner. Influences of womens employment on the gendered division of household labor over the life course: Evidence from a 31-year panel study. Galor, O., and D. Weil. Batalova, J., & Cohen, P. (2002). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Bartley, S., Blanton, P., & Gillard, J. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
The relationship between married womens earnings and housework. The origin of the family, private property, and the state. Feminist Economics 1: 7392. The gender gap, fertility, and growth. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 683712. Having a spouse or partner reduces the probability for women to participate in the labour market in emerging, developed and the Arab States and Northern African (ASNA) countries. Then enter the name part Eagle, B., Miles, E., & Icenogle, M. (1997). Ferree, M. M. (1990). New York: Aldine deGruyter. It blurred the boundaries between work and non-work, infusing ambiguity into everyday activities. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Perhaps that should not have been surprising, given that reproductive labour is necessary for employment, and that the historic sexual division of labour has well served the preservation of inequality generally. The daily consequences of widowhood: The role of gender and intergenerational transfers of subsequent housework performance. Orbuch, T., & Custer, L. (1995). Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 10521969. Review of Economic Studies 72: 109133. Family-work, work-family spillover, and problem drinking during midlife. Continuities and discontinuities in womens labor force activity. Employment resources and housework in Canada. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 399417. Stevens, D. P., Minnotte, K. L., & Kiger, G. (2004). Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. CrossRef Changes in the distribution of human capital (education) and its effect on the gender division of labor. Beyond the superwoman syndrome: Work satisfaction and family functioning among working-class, Mexican American women. Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
Gender New York: Morrow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. For example, while it can facilitate the management of work-family roles, it also increases multitasking, process losses from switching frequently between tasks, and interruptions and extended work availability that may harm mental health and well-being. Cunningham, M. (2007).
Rethinking the Domestic Division of Labour: Exploring Change and Boulder, CO: Westview. Journal of Family Issues, 12, 140157. Distributive justice in the household: A comparison of alternative theoretical models. Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 700711. For more information access http://www.timeuse.org/. Almeida, D., Maggs, J., & Galambos, N. (1993). Marriage and Family Review, 37, 4967. In developing countries, however, the effect is reversed: partnerships/marriage have a positive effect on participation (3.3 percentage points). Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 333345. Meaning of housework and other unpaid responsibilities among older women. Palgrave Macmillan, London. American Behavioral Scientist, 42, 628647. hasContentIssue false, The politics of female diversity in the twenty-first century, Gender inequality and the gendered division of labour, The principle of equal treatment and gender: theory and practice. While the COVID-19 pandemic is not responsible for the domestic labor challenges that increasingly affect the careers of many academic scientists, it has exacerbated them and shined a light on the work-life inequality that women experience, one that is a growing form of job inequality (Kossek and Lautsch, 2018; Kossek and Lee, 2020b).
gender division of labor With increasing workloads and the rise of personal electronic devices that blur work-life boundaries, many academic STEMM professionals face role overload. Blood, R., & Wolfe, D. (1960). A large body of work on supervisor support for family and personal life suggests it is likely that much of an academic departments support for how it accommodates family and personal life scheduling needs is often determined on an ad hoc decision-making basis by the department chair, resulting in wide variability (Kossek, 2005, 2006a, 2006b). These responses were consistent with research showing that blurred work-nonwork boundaries are associated with increased work-family conflict (Hecht and Allen, 2009; Kossek et al., 2006; Krukowski et al., 2020). Social Science Research, 34, 103116. The management of household and childcare tasks and relationship satisfaction in dual-earner families. Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency. COM (2001) Employment and Social Policies: A Framework for Investing in Quality Brussels 20.6.2001. Bittman, M., England, P., Sayer, L., Folbre, N., & Matheson, G. (2003). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. "corePageComponentUseShareaholicInsteadOfAddThis": true, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. The sudden and unanticipated shocks to employment and the almost total retreat into the domestic sphere caused by the COVID-19 lockdowns provide a unique opportunity to explore the resilience of the three classical theoretical paradigms of the gendered division of labor within couples, that is, the time availability theory, the relative Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 17, 4960. Given the lead-time for publishing academic articles, few published studies directly examine work-life challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic for women faculty in STEMM. Men in full-time employment received a family wage and related benefits; women gained benefits, often indirectly, as wives and mothers. Overall, many academic institutions have yet to move work-life issues from. Gender & Society, 12, 219231. Holding a job and earning a salary has been considered to be a husbands traditional family obligation, whereas tending to home and children traditionally has been considered a wifes primary obligation (even if she also works outside the home). Sex Roles, 56, 325339.
Sexual Division of Labour: Gender, Religion, and Caste - Smart (1992). This chapter focuses on the division of labor between women and men and the distinction commonly drawn between domestic work and paid work. Other studies have also found that the mental health of working mothers has suffered during the pandemic (Zamarro and Prado, 2020). Though there are exceptions, such as in one study of faculty that found no gender differences in eldercare involvement (Misra et al., 2012), women account for more than 60 percent of caregivers for elderly parents or other aging family members (National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP, 2020). Presser, H. B. is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings The term second shift is based on research showing that employed mothers face a double day of work (Hochschild, 1989). For example, a 2019 study showed that the rates of leaving the profession after the birth of a first child for academic STEMM women were double the rates for men (Oliveira et al., 2019). Duley, M., K. Sinclair, and M. Edwards. Mirande, A.
women 2001. Generally, the household work is done by the women of the family and men Lundberg, S., and R. Pollak. A new report shows women are more vulnerable to the impacts of the pandemic than men and suggests routes forward that could boost gender equality and the economy. Blumberg, R., & Coleman, M. (1989). Money, housework, sex, and conflict: Same-sex couples in civil unions, those not in civil unions, and heterosexual married siblings. Johnson, S., & OConnor, E. (2002). of your Kindle email address below. 131150). Kurdek, L. (1993). Work and family in the United States: A critical review and agenda for research and policy. Gender, high- and low-schedule-control housework tasks, and psychological distress: A study of dual-earner couples. Braunstein, E., and N. Folbre. Shelton, B. To honor and obey: Efficiency, inequality, and patriarchal property rights. Journal of Family Issues, 12, 158180. Can we make time for children? Williams, J.
GENDER Such work devotion continuously competes with nonwork passions or interests (Blair-Loy and Cech, 2017). Journal of Family Issues, 28, 132148. Gender and the Division of Labor. Patterson, C. (2000). The effects of attitudes toward family life and gender roles on marital satisfaction. The gender factory: The apportionment of work in American households. Social Forces, 76, 301332. American Economic Review 86: 374387. New York: Basic Books. Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Specific to faculty, time expenditure studies show that women faculty spend more time caring for children than do their men counterparts (Golden et al., 2011; Misra et al., 2012). Faculty, however, are largely expected to self-manage and know how to create their own healthy boundaries. However, the empirical literature on the gen-der division of labor is uncomfortably divided between those who examine the please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. Myths of gender: Biological theories about women and men. 2002. CrossRef American Journal of Sociology, 112, 44272. In developing countries, the probability of participating in the workforce increases by 7.8 per cent; in emerging, by 6.4 per cent; in ASNA, two regions with the widest gap in participation rates, the probability increases further, at 12.9 per cent. A new policy brief finds there will be 13 million fewer women in employment in 2021 compared to 2019, while mens employment will have recovered to 2019 levels. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Coltrane, S. (1996). When does gender trump money? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 901912. Anker, R. 1998. Journal of Family Issues, 14, 157188. As a result, their boundary management practices take the form of concealing aspects of their personal lives that highlight their gender or parental status if they are mothers (Cheryan et al., 2009; Jorgenson, 2002; Prokos and Padavic, 2002).
10 - Gender inequality and the gendered division of labour Glenn, E. N., Chang, G., & Forcey, L. R. The social context of married womens work and its impact on Black husbands and White husbands. New York: Routledge. (1996). These reports indicate that growing numbers of professional women (Coury et al., 2020), particularly those in academia (Buckee et al., 2020), are considering cutting back or leaving the workplace altogether because of family demands brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. For example, employed men reported positive work-to-family enrichment relationships in the transfer of positive emotions and engagement from the work-to-family realms, while women are depleted in the spillover from work-to-family roles (Rothbard, 2001). Similar findings have been reported among STEMM faculty. Greenwood, J., A. Seshadri, and M. Yorukoglu. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 422444. The package deal: Marriage, work, and fatherhood in mens lives. Husbands and wives in dual-earner marriages: Decision-making, gender role attitudes, division of household labor, and equity. For example, the work-life issues of single Black women have been largely ignored by academic institutions that have often considered and prioritized work-life issues in terms of gender and overlooked race issues that intersect with gender (Creary, 2020). Gerson, K. (1993). ), Restructuring gender relations and employment (pp. Perceptions of injustice in family work: The role of psychological distress. Department of Sociology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in Relative fairness and the division of housework: The importance of options. Frisco, M. L., & Williams, K. (2003). Journal of Family Issues, 18, 205223. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Biology versus culture. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Journal of Family Issues, 25, 10501071. (2004). Complementing the literature on work-family conflict is a growing body of research on work-family enrichment, defined as the positive transfer of knowledge, skills, and emotions from one domain to another (Greenhaus and Powell, 2006). Race differences in marital well-being. Effects of union type on division of household labor: Do cohabiting men really perform more housework? Job gendering: Occupational choice and the marriage market. Barnett, R., & Shen, Y.-C. (1997). While women account for 39% of the global workforce, they are over-represented in three of the four most in-decline parts of the global economy: accommodation and food services (54%); retail and wholesale trade (43%); and services such as arts, recreation and public administration (46%). Measuring the division of household labor: Gender segregation of housework among American couples. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 12601271. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. For example, a tenure-track faculty member who is a parent may perceive that the behaviors she must carry out to care for her children interfere with the research, teaching, and service demands at an academic institution. Elul, R., J. Silva-Reus, and O. Volij. Quarterly Journal of Economics 115: 715753. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 10151028. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 724732. Differential fecundity, markets, and gender roles. This relationship between multiple roles is most likely to occur when ones work and nonwork demands can be carried out in ways that align with preferences for how one synthesizes work and nonwork roles. Parsons, T., & Bales, R. (1955). Shelton, B., & John, D. (1993a). The economics of gender. Gupta, S. (2007). 2006. Husbands and wives. Emerging work from several nations suggest that men have started shouldering more caregiving and child-rearing duties, a view corroborated by their partners (Carlson et al., 2020b; Savage, 2020; van Veen and Wijnants, 2020). Sanchez, L. (1993). 2003. Cambridge, MA/London: Harvard University Press. Family diversity and the division of domestic labor: How much have things really changed? This chapter focuses on the division of labor between women and men and the distinction commonly drawn between domestic work and paid work. American Economic Review 84: 132137.
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