1967-1968. It was misreported then, and it is misremembered now.Richard M. Nixon (b. Arnold arrived at Pleiku on Jan. 3, but his initial time there was very short. Squadrons transferred from Nha Trang were: Read more about this topic: Pleiku Air Base, History, USAF Use During The Vietnam War. Nestled in Vietnam's Central Highland Region, Pleiku is well-known amongst international travelers for once being the site of an American Air Force Base. [1]:173 By late March 1967 a 10,000-foot (3,000m) by 125-foot (38m) asphalt runway together with sealed taxiways and parking aprons had been completed. The refugees leave the aircraft. The 633rd Special Operations Wing was activated at Pleiku on 15 July 1968. Pleiku Air Base | Military Wiki | Fandom Over the next three years he was assigned to duty stations in Florida, Alabama and Arizona. Cambodian refugees board a C-7A at Boung Long and leave the aircraft at Pleiku AB in South East Asia during the Vietnam War. Another C-7A lands and taxis. For its actions at Pleiku Air Base, the wing was awarded the Air Force Outstanding Unit Award - with Combat "V" Device and the Republic Of Vietnam Gallantry Cross - with Palm. Nha Trang Air Base (IATA: NHA, ICAO: VVNT) (also known as Camp McDermott Airfield and Long Van Airfield) was a French Air Force, Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF), United States Air Force (USAF) and Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) (Khong Quan Nhan Dan Viet Nam) military airfield used during the Vietnam War. So, after about a month, probably about three weeks, I went back to Pleiku.. This is what weve been waiting for. Tan Son Nhat International Airport, ( IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) has been a major Vietnamese civil airport since the 1920s. At Pleiku Air Base, Vietnam: Refugees leave the air base. Early in the morning, while it is still dark, approximately ten Viet Cong insurgents breach the fenced perimeter of the U.S. Army advisory facility near Pleiku, in the South Vietnamese Central Highlands. The 6th Air Commando Squadronwas formed at England Air Force Base Louisiana as a unit of the 1st Air Commando Wing. The troops blow up the barracks of US military advisors at Pleiku, killing 8 Americans and wounding 126. Pleiku Air Base - History - USAF Use During The Vietnam War CRITICALPAST.COM: United States Air Force ( USAF ) support for the evacuation of Cambodian refugees at Pleiku Air Base in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Arnold retired from OSI in 1994 as a colonel, completing more than 27 years of active-duty service. He then returned to Korea from 1987 to 1990 as a deputy district commander and then a district commander. Mortar attacks were different. 3,048. asphalt. Good luck to you. [1], On its establishment the 14th Wing assumed control of all USAF squadrons at Nha Trang and the 1st Air Commando Squadron (before it moved to Pleiku Air Base) and it later assumed control of the 20th Helicopter Squadron. So, it backfired a little bit in that regard. This page was last edited on 18 June 2023, at 09:45. I probably stammered a reply, but the pilot just turned around and continued his preparation for the flight. In December 1964 half of the 310th Troop Carrier Squadron equipped with seven C-123s were sent to Nha Trang to replace the C-47s. Any questions? On 20 October the 480th TFS flew its and the 12th TFW's last combat mission. It was established by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) in 1962 at an undeveloped airstrip, and was used by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War in the II Corps Tactical Zone of South Vietnam. That established an expanded perimeter area for where we wanted sources to be active. Thompson, who retired from the Air Force Reserve in 1997 as a lieutenant colonel, served as the commander of Detachment 5008 at Pleiku Air Base between September 1971 and April 1972. The unit was originally designated as the 633rd Combat Support Group when it was activated at Pleiku in April, 1966. [5]:1923 On 1 June 1969 the 17th Special Operations Squadron equipped with AC-119G gunships was activated at Nha Trang and it replaced the 71st Special Operations Squadron which returned to Bakalar Air Force Base for inactivation. The Kelley reference is divided into several sections with each section starting its page numbering with page 1, therefore citations for this reference follows the same pattern. Vietnam War-Stories.com: Pleiku Air Base, Last days in Vietnam by Ron . The 37th TFW comprised the following F-100 Super Sabre equipped squadrons: While based at Ph Ct, a detachment from the 416th TFS pioneered fast Forward Air Control (FAC) operations using two-seat F-100Fs under the code-name Commando Sabre and the call sign Misty. The Pleiku Airbase Association Media in category "Pleiku Air Base". Pleiku Air Base - History - USAF Use During The Vietnam War - 6th Air Commando Squadron. The squadron was equipped with 20 A-1E/H Tail Code: ET. The 459th and 537th Troop Carrier Squadrons both equipped with C-7A Caribous began operations from the base on 1 January 1967. The bombs explode on the terrain, 30 miles east, to the southwest of Pleiku, on 10 September. The 6th Air Commando Squadron was formed at England Air Force Base Louisiana as a unit of the 1st Air Commando Wing. It is located north of the city of Qui Nhn in southern Vietnam . The 6th Air Commando Squadron was formed at England Air Force Base Louisiana as a unit of the 1st Air Commando Wing. A C-7A taxis an airstrip. Vietnam War-Stories.com: Pleiku Air Base, Last days in Vietnam by Ron Eberhart. [4]:95, On 30 June 1969 all Douglas AC-47 Spooky gunships of D Flight, 3rd Special Operations Squadron were transferred to the RVNAF at the base. He arrived in Vietnam as a first lieutenant in Jan. 1970. Home; About Us. It is an absurd attitude to take towards life. Long Time Passing: Vietnam and the Haunted Generation, epilogue (1984). Tan Son Nhut Air Base - Wikipedia Refugees leave a flight line to get into a truck and ARVN troops load belongings into trucks at Pleiku AB in Vietnam. Holes in metal target resulting during firepower demonstration at Pleiku Air Base, Vietnam. Pleiku Air Base is a former air force base in Vietnam. I developed a liaison with their intelligence officer. It was a joint-service base, with units from the Army, Navy, Marines stationed there as well as the Air Force which operated and maintained the base. The district sent me to Phu Cat which was a very interesting assignment because it was a major fighter air base unlike Pleiku, Arnold recalled. Arnolds primary mission as the counterintelligence officer at Pleiku was air base defense. American Army and Air Force civil engineering units resurfaced and extended to 6000 ft (1829 m) runway and the base was jointly used for both VNAF and USAF air activities, but never reached the saturation and population proportions of the major air bases of the coastal lowlands. Contact Us | We did some really great things in Vietnam. [6]:244 In March, B Flight 18th SOS moved to Da Nang AB. [7]:16970[5]:203, The VPAF used the base until 2009 when it moved its operations to Cam Ranh Air Base. This is what weve been waiting for. My Lightboxes | The 537th Troop Carrier Squadron was inactivated during the year, with its aircraft transferred to the South Vietnamese. There was about a 2-inch mattress. The wing inactivated on 15 March 1970. It worked out and it at least gave us an opportunity to talk in real time.. Timeline Details | Vietnam War Commemoration [2]:452, On 1 February 1970 the base was hit by a People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) rocket attack, killing one airman and wounding 15 others. [4]:1289, From JulyDecember USAF RED HORSE units carried out 22 major construction/reconstruction projects of maintenance and storages areas, parking ramps, accommodation, roads and drainage took place at the base to accommodate the expanded activity there. With the departure of its personnel in late 1969, a small group remained at Pleiku for a short period of time to advise the SVNAF. Sometimes you had to stand in line for an hour or more to get a line. Tonight your target is Tokyo. Pleiku Airport - Wikipedia Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops load belongings into trucks and the trucks leave the area. [5]:70, On 3 February 1968 the 355th Tactical Fighter Squadron (355th TFS) was attached to the 37th TFW. "Hng bay Bamboo Airways m ng bay thng Nng- Pleiku,ng bay Pleiku- Nng ,dng my bay Airbus A320neo, A320 trn tuyn Nng Pleiku", "Bamboo Airways expands domestic network from March 2019", "Bay Hn Quc, Myanmar 0 ng cng Vietjet", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleiku_Airport&oldid=1133437944, Buildings and structures in Gia Lai province, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Vietnamese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 20:18. Any information I thought was something they could use I shared with them. Vietnam War-Stories.com: Pleiku Air Base, Last days in Vietnam by Ron US Base at Plieku Attacked Camp Halloway after attack Viet Cong troops attack a helicopter base at Camp Halloway. My yellow shirt made me quite a target for ground fire sitting in the open bay.. The interpreter translators would collect information on suspected units of those nature in that radius around the air base. [5]:56, In late December 1968 the 71st Special Operations Squadron equipped with AC-119G Shadow gunships arrived from Lockbourne Air Force Base and began operations from the base. U.S. air strikes in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Pleiku, Vietnam. Read more about this topic: Pleiku Air Base, History, No event in American history is more misunderstood than the Vietnam War. Theyll get you in, and theyll get you out. Overall, the last American military personnel would not depart Vietnam until two years later. [5] In September 1969 the 4th Air Commando Squadron ceased operating from the base and moved its forward operating base to Da Nang Air Base. [2]:15, On 7 July 1955 the RVNAF took over the Nha Trang Training Center and formed the 1st and 2nd Liaison Squadrons equipped with Cessna L-19s. License Agreement | You would immediately roll out of bed and under the bed. Nha Trang Air Base (IATA: NHA, ICAO: VVNT) (also known as Camp McDermott Airfield and Long Van Airfield) was a French Air Force, Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF), United States Air Force (USAF) and Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) (Khong Quan Nhan Dan Viet Nam) military airfield used during the Vietnam War.It is located on the southern edge of Nha Trang in Khnh Ha Province. The main responsibility of the Vietnamese nationals, whose official job title while working for OSI was interpreter translator, was to travel outside the base perimeter and establish contacts with the local people who lived in the vicinity of the air base to learn about potential threats. A crew in the control room at Pleiku AB in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. [2]:181, From February 1964 three Fairchild C-123B Providers and three air commando C-47s were kept at Nha Trang to support operations of the 5th Special Forces Group which had its headquarters at Nha Trang. Following subsequent stints in California, where he served as a detachment commander, and in Washington, D.C., where he served as a branch chief, Arnold served in Japan as a detachment commander from 1984 to 1987. Arnold and Thompsons combined effort is expected to be completed later this summer. At Pleiku, it was the operational flying component of the 663d. Camp Holloway was a helicopter facility constructed by the United States Army near Pleiku in 1962. The squadron was equipped with 20 A-1E/H Tail Code: ET. Privacy Policy2023 CriticalPast LLC. In January 1966 a site in Ph Ct District 24km north of Qui Nhon was identified. National Vietnam War Veterans Day was first observed in 2012 following a Presidential proclamation for a planned 13-year program of commemorations marking the 50th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. The refugees leave the aircraft. United states A-1E aircraft sin flight and lands at Pleiku air base in Vietnam. [2]:275, In January 1965 the RVNAF 62nd Tactical Wing and 516th Fighter Squadron, equipped with Douglas A-1H Skyraiders deployed to Nha Trang from Pleiku Air Base while a new runway was built at Pleiku. At Pleiku, it was the operational flying component of the 663d. [4]:923, In January 1966 the A-1 equipped 602nd Air Commando Squadron moved to Nha Trang from Bien Hoa Air Base. Pleiku Air Base is a former air force base in Vietnam. The 633d was formed from elements of the 14th Special Operations Wing at Nha Trang Air Base and the 1st Special Operations Wing on Temporary Duty from Hurlburt Field, Florida. If they had an operation going on anywhere in the area of a report, they would check it out. It was a major target for the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong. Pleiku, Vietnam Travel Guide | Tourism Info for Visiting Refugees in the background. It was established by the South Vietnamese Air Force (SVNAF) in 1962 at an undeveloped airstrip, and was used by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War in the II Corps Tactical Zone of South Vietnam. A C-7A taxis on an airstrip and takes off from Pleiku Air Base in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The 243rd Helicopter Squadron operating UH-1 Huey gunships was based here. They were a lot closer, and they had enough mortars that they would just walk a straight line across the base. [10]:3434. Ph Ct Air Base ( Vietnamese: Cn c khng qun Ph Ct) (1966-1975) was a United States Air Force (USAF) and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) facility used during the Vietnam War (1959-1975). By early 1968, the area around Pleiku had become a huge cluster of bases. February 7, 1965. Once you got the line, you had to tell the radio operator who you wanted to talk to and where that person was located. In Boung Long, Cambodia: A C-7A aircraft lands and taxis. Ironically for Arnold, the additional year he spent attending language school put him behind many of his OSI Academy classmates when it came to getting to Vietnam. We hope to identify everybody who had ever served in Vietnam during that period, at least recognize them by name. Pleiku Airport (IATA: PXU, ICAO: VVPK) (Vietnamese: Sn bay Pleiku) is a regional airport located near the city of Pleiku within Gia Lai Province in southern Vietnam. Pleiku, Vietnamese Play Ku, city, central Vietnam, located in the central highlands. Tuy Hoa Air Base - Wikipedia The Vietnamese nationals would then deliver what they learned back to Arnold, who in turn would prepare a written report that was forwarded to higher headquarters for further analysis. Pleiku South Vietnam 1968 stock footage and images - CriticalPast [8][9] The airfield was managed by the 14th Combat Support Group. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd. Pleiku based A-1 Skyraider ND filter 7 stops An American student in the Vietnam cross-country trip posing at the rattan bridge. The unit flew combat missions, including air support for ground forces, air cover for transports, day and night interdiction, combat search and rescue support, armed reconnaissance, and forward air control. All youve got to do is to remember what youve learned and follow your squadron leaders. American Army and Air Force civil engineering units resurfaced and extended to 6000 ft (1829 m) runway and the base was jointly used for both VNAF and USAF air activities, but never reached the saturation and population proportions of the major air bases of the coastal lowlands. The wing inactivated on 15 March 1970. Other aircraft and equipment in the background. Pleiku Today - The Snake Platoon [2]:148, In December 1963 Detachment 4, 8th Aerial Port Squadron was formed at the base. Refugees board the C-47 with their belongings. Pleiku Air Base - History - USAF Use During The Vietnam War - 633d Arnold also established relationships with an Army helicopter unit located on the opposite side of Pleiku City. Pleiku Air Base is a former air force base in Vietnam. The way things were set up we were pretty limited in our ability to actually go out and recruit sources ourselves, he continued. [4], In June the 459th Troop Carrier Squadron was inactivated. Within a 15-kilometer circle of Pleiku city were compounds and base camps for the ARVN II Corps Headquarters, MACV II Corps Advisory Group, 4th Infantry Division, the 23rd ARVN Division, the 20th Engineer Brigade, the Pleiku Air Force Base, and several Special Forces units. In September, plans to build an air base at Qui Nhon were suspended when the site conditions were found to be unsuitable. [4] On 30 November 1971 the 1883d Communications Squadron was reassigned and moved to Kincheloe Air Force Base, Michigan. Mesco, Jim (1987) VNAF Republic of Vietnam Air Force 19451975 Squadron/Signal Publications. pleiku photos on Flickr | Flickr Bus travel is available to most cities in Vietnam, including Dalat, Kon Tum and Nha Trang, and there are taxis for local travel. All right thats all. [5]:203 During 1969 40 concrete and steel "Wonderarch" aircraft shelters were constructed at the base. [1][Note 1], The French Air Force opened an air training center for the fledgling RVNAF in 1951 and in March 1952 began training pilots, navigators and maintenance personnel at the base. [6]:139, The USAF Detachment 12, Thirteenth Air Force had been supporting RVNAF operations at Nha Trang since February 1962 and in May 1962 they were designated the 6223rd Air Base Squadron and on 7 June it was assigned to the 2nd Advanced Echelon (2d ADVON). At this time the runway was a 3,000-foot (910m) long dirt strip while the taxiways and parking areas were covered in Pierced steel planking (PSP). [11], In January 2016 it was announced that the base would be sold for redevelopment with an indicative value of US$540m.[11]. Top Left: Ron Eberhart; Top Right: Airman Leicki and QC Lieck. Shopping Cart | I dont recall any really meaningful investigations during the few weeks I was at Phu Cat. At Pleiku, it was the operational flying component of the 663d. Pleiku Air Base - Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core The helicopter unit agreed to conduct flights searching for indications of enemy forces in the area as identified by information delivered by the OSI established area source networks. Category:Pleiku Air Base - Wikimedia Commons I told them my score and they said that I would qualify for Vietnamese Language School. The primary investigations of criminal nature in Vietnam were black marketing and drugs and thefts of government property. On the morning of 31 March, the 2nd Air Division evacuated the base taking 32 aircraft, but abandoning a further 50; the PAVN/VC occupied the base that afternoon. [7], The 14th Air Commando Wing was activated at Nha Trang on 8 March 1966 and it would be the host unit at the base until 15 October 1969 when it moved to Phan Rang Air Base. Although she's smiling, I know she's trembling since the bridge was shaking. Denying consent may make related features unavailable.Use the "Accept" button to consent to the use of such technologies. Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops and refugees unload the aircraft. A-1E 6SOS Pleiku 1968-69.jpg 600 349; 60 KB. Read more about this topic: Pleiku Air Base, History, USAF Use During The Vietnam War, Well gentlemen, this is it. [2] Later in the year a fuel line was constructed to the base, from a tank facility on the outskirts of Qui Nhon. Cn c khng qun Tuy Ha is a former air force base in Vietnam, being closed in 1970. [4] On 29 December "A" Flight, 17th SOS, was inactivated and its aircraft transferred to B Flight at Phan Rang AB. Security police QRT (Quick Reaction Team) members pass in front of the building. [4]:113, The RVNAF 2nd Air Division took over the base from the USAF in mid-1970. Remember this was 1970. The engine of the aircraft stops. A major part of Arnolds job was to evaluate the worthiness and truthfulness of the sources and the value of the information they were reporting. [2]:273, On 1 April 1967 the 1883d Communications Squadron of the 1964th Communications Group, Air Force Communications Service, officially arrived at Phu Cat from Qui Nhon Airfield to the south.[3]. I went down and talked to the assignments people and said, you know, I want to get to Vietnam as quickly as possible. [9], In mid-March 1975 Qui Nhon and Ph Ct AB were defended by the ARVN 40th Regiment and the Bnh nh Regional Forces, however the 40th Regiment was soon redeployed to Khanh Duong to keep open the route for ARVN escaping from Bun Ma Thut. United States Air Force ( USAF ) support for the evacuation of Cambodian refugees at Pleiku AB in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The bed was a metal framed flat spring bed. They were a good set of eyes, but sometimes, if they felt they could get away with it, they would just make up information so they could get paid. Col Bernie Fisher; Deceased Members; Reunions. It was seized by the Vietnam People's Army in March 1975 and was abandoned for many years. Pleiku Air Base - History - USAF Use During The Vietnam War - 6th Air Squadrons transferred from Nha Trang were: Read more about this topic: Pleiku Air Base, History, USAF Use During The Vietnam War, The broken pillar of the wing jags from the clotted shoulder,The wing trails like a banner in defeat,Robinson Jeffers (18871962), Plot, rules, nor even poetry, are not half so great beauties in tragedy or comedy as a just imitation of nature, of character, of the passions and their operations in diversified situations.Horace Walpole (17171797), Fashions change, and with the new psychoanalytical perspective of the postwar period [WWII], child rearing became enshrined as the special responsibility of mothers any shortcoming in adult life was now seen as rooted in the failure of mothering during childhood.Sylvia Ann Hewitt (20th century). Ph Ct Air Base (Vietnamese: Cn c khng qun Ph Ct) (19661975) was a United States Air Force (USAF) and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) facility used during the Vietnam War (19591975). Targeting cookies are used to identify visitors between different websites, eg. They did a lot more damage.. [2]:127 The 2nd Fighter Squadron became fully operation in mid-1962. [2]:263, In August 1965 the 524th Fighter Squadron equipped with A-1s was activated at the base. Special Agent Bill Arnold in front of OSI Detachment 5008 Headquarters at Pleiku Air Base, Vietnam, in 1970. At Pleiku Air Base, Vietnam: The C-7A taxis in. After 1975, it was developed into a civil airport. Between the mattress and the springs was a half inch piece of plywood. [2]:101:2745, In September 1962 the 23rd Special Air Warfare Detachment equipped with 6 Grumman OV-1 Mohawk reconnaissance aircraft deployed to Nha Trang and began flying visual and photo-reconnaissance in support of RVNAF and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) units. Its going to focus on how things got started, the setup, the missions, and the people. OSI Special Agent Bill Arnold in front of his hooch living quarters at Pleiku Air Base, Vietnam, in 1970. Arnold joined the Office of Special Investigations in 1967, graduating from the OSI Academy Basic Course as a member of Class 67-H. US Base at Plieku Attacked - Historycentral [1]:1558, On 23 December 1966 USAF units began moving to the half-completed base. There, he was assigned to Detachment 5008 at Pleiku Air Base serving as a Counterintelligence and Area Source Program Officer. [6]:132, 498th Medical Company (Air Ambulance) with UH-1Ds from September 1965. FAQs - How to Order | On 26 October its aircraft began returning to the United States. [1] In late February 1966 Military Assistance Command, Vietnam decided to build a new jet-capable base at Ph Ct. Pleiku Campaign; Part of the Vietnam War: Bruce P. Crandall's UH-1 Huey helicopter and U.S. Army Air Cavalrymen under fire at LZ X-Ray A pilot at the controls and the control panel. A sign on a building frame reads 'Welcome to Pleiku Air Base'. In late 1965, with the buildup of U.S. airpower in South Vietnam, the existing air bases were becoming overcrowded. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Air Force. The primary mission of Pleiku Air Base was forward air controller missions coordinated with the South Vietnamese and also as a base for United States special operations forces (initially called Air Commando units) in the South Vietnamese Central Highlands. They said were not sending any second lieutenants to Vietnam, but they asked me what my Defense Language Aptitude Test Score was. The engine of the aircraft stops. Tonight your target is Tokyo. Insignia of Pleiku Air Base on wall. [5]:211 On 1 April the 37th TFW was inactivated and redesignated as the 12th Tactical Fighter Wing (12th TFW). These aircraft supported remote Special Forces bases, delivering 1,500 tons of supplies per month. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. All youve got to do is to remember what youve learned and follow your squadron leaders. It was established by the South Vietnamese Air Force (SVNAF) in 1962 at an undeveloped airstrip, and was used by the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War in the II Corps Tactical Zone of South Vietnam. In 1974, he attended a Korean Language and Cultural Studies program before returning overseas for a two-year assignment in Seoul, South Korea. Its mission was to assess, train, advise and assist South Vietnamese Air Force personnel in airpower employment, sustainment and force integration. This article incorporates public domain material from the .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Air Force Historical Research Agency.
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