See also Jer. The threats against Judah and Jerusalem belong to the period from Ezekiels call (593 bc) to the fall of Jerusalem (586 bc); the threats against the foreign nations belong to the period immediately after the fall (586585 bc); and the prophecies of restoration belong to the period thereafter. 40-48) in the entire Bible. Among the nations, according to Ezekiel, this was a setback and reflected the weakness of Yahweh. It represented the constant and diverse manifestation of Gods power in the world and Ezekiel gives it a greater emphasis than any of his predecessors. It was prob. Try it FREE. Ezekiel 34:11-31, with its concept of a good shepherd unquestionably influenced the NT. The scholar can only be as honest as possible in considering and weighin all the facts.There is one further warning: in a book as difficult as that of Ezekiel it is inevitable that Biblical scholars should have been much influenced by their total conception of the development and character of Hebrew religion and history (IB, VI, 45). king of Judah objected. Historical context. The Book of Ezekiel. Wiki User 2016-02-25 08:31:12 This answer is: Study guides Old. Gog and Magog (38-39) provide the imagery for Johns description of the final rebellion of Gods enemies (Rev. The so-called contradictions between the last part of the book and the Torah are the basis of much of the radical criticism concerning Ezekiel which presumes that Ezekiel 40-48 is a description of the revival of the Mosaic rituals. It was thought that Ezekiel at some points contradicted the Pentateuch. 2. 1. A clumsy text does not necessarily indicate an irregularity or deviation from the smoothness of a pre-conceived style or a nonoriginal expression. Like the restoration prophesied by Isaiah (Isa. Tyre: Gentile city, predicted by Ezekiel to be destroyed because of its terrible greed, materialism, and pride, 7. Brief Summary: How can you cope with a world gone astray? II. In still another vision Ezekiel saw the glory of God return to the restored city and Temple; again the glory of the Lord entered the Temple and he heard the voice saying, this is the place of my throne and the place of the soles of my feet, where I will dwell in the midst of the people of Israel for ever (43:2-7; 44:4). Israel had deserved nothing but destruction in the wilderness, but He spared them for His names sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations (20:9, 14, 22). V. Teaching. John uses the idea of Ezekiels vine to emphasize his own lesson. The Jerusalem Bible refers to the final section of Ezekiel, chapters 40- 48, as "the Torah of Ezekiel". Consequently it was not impossible for a prophet in Babylonia to deliver prophecies and perform symbolic actions for the instruction of the people in Judah. Ezekiel provides scriptures most detailed account of the angelic cherubims (1, 10). Nor is it for any merit on the part of Israel that she will be returned from the Exile, but for Yahwehs names sake. 10) were instructed to swallow a scroll containing words they were to proclaim. Archeological researches have confirmed many aspects of the historical background of Ezekiels book. It was written during the captivity of the Jewish people. (see Bible Dictionary, "Ezekiel" ). The fall of the northern kingdom of Israel. Idolatrous elders are condemned (Ch:14), and Babylon is mentioned as the instrument of God's Judgment (Ch.21:21). 24:18), and friend of Daniel (Ezek. Ezekiels influence upon the mysticism of Judah is the result of his visions. His inclinations to revolt against the Babylonians brought Nebuchadnezzar to Jerusalem again in 597 b.c. Third phase: 586 B.C. Sacrifices and offerings are thought of as continuing when Israel is redeemed and the kingdom is Yahwehs by the greatest prophets (Isa 19:19, 21; 60:7; 66:20; Jer 33:18). Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The background of this picture is formed by the first thirty-nine chapters of the book. EZEKIEL, BOOK OF zk l (, LXX , God strengthens, Vul. Yahweh is sanctified in the eyes of the nations by the restoration and defense of His righteous people Israel (36:23, KJV; 38:16). There are some difficulties with the figures (cf. Chebar: a river in Babylon where Ezekiel received his visions and also the location of a colony of Jewish exiles, 2. There is no indication in the passage how salvation is to be attained simply because the people have realized it and live in the consciousness of redemption. (1-3). In addition to various visual aids, he preached 12 messages on Gods imminent judgment, illustrated by 6 parables. His influence upon the cult of Judaism. and that a redactor was responsible for adding the material related to the Babylonian background. 1. The literary history of the book is much debated, but its final form exhibits a threefold theme: threats against Judah and Jerusalem (chapters 125), threats against foreign nations (chapters 2532), and prophecies of restoration and hope (chapters 3344). Containing several literary genres, such as oracles, mythological themes, allegory, proverbs, historical narratives, folk tales, threats and promises, and lamentations, the Book of Ezekiel may be divided into three main sections: (1) prophecies against Judah and Jerusalem (chapters 124); (2) prophecies against foreign countries (chapters 2532); and (3) prophecies about Israels future. Its principal features are its systematic arrangement and homogeneity. He held that each man is responsible for his own acts. Jesus and Ezekiel. He makes allusions to contemporary events which are known to us from extra-Biblical sources. 1-39 and chs. Only the first of these, according to Oeder belongs to the prophet Ezekiel. His book presents a clear picture of a definite historical situation because the events of his day made a profound impression upon Ezekiel. The Ezekiel presented in the prophecy never existed, but was a fiction invented by the priestly editors of the book. 1. The Babylonian siege of the city lasted a year and a half (2 Kings 25:1-3) and culminated in the razing of the city and the plundering and burning of the Temple. His was the most impressive ordination call in the entire Bible! For five years he languished in despair. In Greek: In Greek the book is titled IESEKIHL; the Hebrew is simply transliterated. (26). Within the general structure, the order of the material is, on the whole, chronological. 2. His influence upon the mysticisim of Judaism. The Book of Ezekiel, also called The Prophecy of Ezechiel, one of the major prophetical books of the Old Testament. It includes the whole essential nature of God in its moral reference. 69-84). The Egyptians joined the Assyrians for the final battle against the coalition led by the Babylonians for the hegemony of the Near E. At Carchemish in 605 b.c. The constantly recurring declaration (more than fifty times) is You shall know that I am the Lord (6:7). The actual point at issue was not the standing of the Book of Ezekiel in the canon which was taken for granted, but the use of the book for liturgical purposes and in public readings. Landscape Ezekiel wrote from Babylon, but his prophecies concerned Israel, Egypt, and several of the neighboring countries. In the early 20th cent. Hence His arm, His Spirit, His Temple are holy as are His city, people, land, etc. and that the prophet Ezekiel never existed as a historical person. It was made clear to the prophet that although he was responsible for the proclamation of the revelation vouchsafed to him, he was not responsible for its success or failure (3:16-19; 33:1-6). 1:2). The Babylonians, during the time the book was being written, captured Judah's inhabitants in three waves, scattered the rest, or left behind the poorest of the poor ( Jeremiah 52:15 ). This accounts for the supernatural elements in the record with which the natural elements are commingled. All of this has contributed to a return on the part of the critical school to a more conservative position in regard to the origin of the Book of Ezekiel. Eventually, after burning 300 jars of oil in the course of his nightly researches Hananiah ben Hezekiah was able to find a satisfactory solution for the socalled contradictions. C. C. Torrey, James Smith, and Volkar Herntrich held to the Palestinian ministry of Ezekiel while Alfred Bertholet advocated the view that both areas were involved as the locale of the prophets activity. The freedom and responsibility of the individual before God. The following is from the NKJV. party in Jerusalem to break his oath of fealty to Nebuchadnezzar. The personality of the prophet shows through his oracles, visions, and narrations. Yahwehs recovery of His people from the lands of the Diaspora restores the prestige of His name among the nations, and emphasizes the profound moral principles of His reign (39:23). Zechariah Malachi Deuterocanonical Bible portal v t e The Book of Ezekiel is the third of the Latter Prophets in the Tanakh and one of the major prophetic books, following Isaiah and Jeremiah. The final words of Ezek iels book are: And the name of the city henceforth shall be, The Lord is there (48:35). Ezekiel Summary Bible > Summary > Ezekiel eBibles Free Downloads Audio Ezekiel Summary The book of Ezekiel is Narrative History, Prophetic and Apocalyptic in genre and even contains Parables. The sixteen prophetsIsaiah to Malachiwhose writings have come down to us lived during four centuries, from about 800 to 400 B.C. Perhaps the greatest poetry in the book is that of the allegories of the whelps (19:2-6, 8, 9) and of the ship Tyre (27:3-9, 25-36). Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Yahweh will reign ultimately because in His people there will be a new heart and a new spirit (cf. In this period of devastation and change, the prophet contributed to the safeguards which were to protect the Israel of the future against the heathenism that had brought about the destruction of the nation. Consequently these apocalyptic writings were not considered canonical. 50+ premium resources ($2,400+ value!). Watch as we explain its major themes and gain a deeper understanding of its place in the biblical story. Fundamental to an understanding of Ezekiels theology is his concept of God. According to Hlscher 5th cent. In the 18th cent. A study of the teaching of Ezekiels prophecy places him among the greatest of the Heb. The name of the New Jerusalem in the midst of the restored land shall be , Yahweh is there, God dwelling with His people, the difference between life and death. 18. On the contrary, it is possible to see in these chs. Mt. The solemn warning that judgment must begin at the house of God (1 Pet 4:17), has its original in Ezekiel 9:6. and the 2nd cent. Ezekiel 1 Ezekiel's Vision by the River Kebar ( Psalm 137:1-9) 1 In the thirtieth year, on the fifth day of the fourth month, while I was among the exiles by the River Kebar, the heavens opened and I saw visions of God. The Babylonians under King Nabopolassar led a coalition of the Medes, Persians, and Scythians against the Assyrians and in 612 b.c. Spiritual action thus takes place at the center of life. The most radical critical position was that of Charles C. Torrey who in 1930 published his Pseudo-Ezekiel and the Original Prophecy. They said, These are the people of the Lord, and yet they had to go out of his land (36:20). Most of them left chronological data by which the duration of their ministry can be determined, at least approximately. It may be that the Babylonians preserved Jehoiachin in Babylon against the possibility of his return to Jerusalem. 4:3; Lk. Style. It expresses not a quality but a relation. He witnesses the divine glory cloud of God departing from the temple, 3. The Book of Ezekiel has the following divisions: Call of the Prophet (1:1-3:27) Before the Siege of Jerusalem (4:1-24:27) Among these was Ezekiel together with Esther, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon. Consequently Ezra, Nehemiah, and Jeremiah were also rejected as reliable history along with Ezekiel. Jer 37:7); and to assure them that their city and Temple were to be inevitably and quickly destroyed. [1] Hugo Winckler advocated the idea that Ezekiel was a composite work of the early Pers. Among these exiles were Jehoiachin and Ezekiel, and the prophet dated his prophecies by the years of this captivity. The doctrines of personal immortality, bodily resurrection, and the importance of the law in Judaism were all profoundly influenced by Ezekiel. They were settled in colonies where they were permitted a reasonable degree of liberty. Leopold Zunz held that the entire book was spurious and was written around 400 b.c. on the Euphrates River, the Egyptians and Assyrians were defeated by Nebuchadnezzar, who had succeeded his father as king of Babylonia (Jer 46:2). That name is the name of Yahweh. The book thus bears the stamp of a single mind in its phraseology, its imagery, and in its process of thought which is developed on a plan so perspicuous and comprehensive that the evidence of literary design in its composition is unquestionably clear. It was there that the heavens were opened and Ezekiel saw visions of God. There was close contact between the exiles in Babylonia and the Jerusalem community. Everything proceeds on the basis of the sovereign irresistible grace of God. He prophesied in the transition period between the pre-exilic faith of an established covenant people and the postexilic faith of this same people now a legal community in a strange land. A priest as well as a prophet, he emphasized ritualism, but not at the expense of moral values, laying the foundations for its eventual prominence in Jewish life. In both visions the dimensions of the city are carefully described. Amos 4:2; 6:8). Over Jeremiahs objections Josiah attempted to stop Neco at Megiddo and in the battle Josiah lost his life (2 Kings 23:29). The word in this sense is applied to persons, places, and things set apart for His service, and are holy by virtue of that consecration or separation to God. He supports the idea of a Babylonian setting for the prophetic activity of Ezekiel (Georg Fohrer, Die Hauptprobleme des Buches Ezechiel [1952]). As originally written, Ezekiel was placed in Palestine, but soon . or shortly thereafter. The Heb. Hlscher and Irwin determined what they conceived to be the original and true text by means of a preconceived key to the genuine Ezekielian material. The result was the first deportation of captives to Babylon, among whom was Daniel, Ezekiels younger contemporary. A married man who was often consulted by elders among the exiles, Ezekiel carried out his priestly and prophetic career during two distinct periods: (1) from 593586 bce, a date that was doubly depressing for the prophet because it was the period when his wife died and his native city was destroyed; and (2) from 586571 bce, the date of his last oracle (chapter 29, verse 17). Beginning of his description of the future millennial temple (40-48), 10. Others were successful in the business and commercial affairs of the country. A . 1:3, 4; 2 Chron. 13. History, esp. Benedict Spinoza in the 17th cent. This effect will be eliminated when the final lesson of history is revealed (39:23). POSITION IN THE BIBLE: 26th Book in the Bible 26th Book in the Old Testament 4th of 17 books of Prophecy (Isaiah - Malachi) 4th of 5 major prophets (Isaiah-Daniel) 40 Books to follow it. He records its removal (10:18), and predicts its return (43:2) to the city of Jerusalem. Ezekiel 40 is the fortieth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. Shortly after the formation of the Heb. The fact that Yaukin (Jehoiachin) King of Judah and five of his sons are mentioned several times in the lists is a remarkable attestation to the Biblical records of the golah. Lit. Irwin considered the substance of the book to be Hel. Jewish tradition Monument to Holocaust survivors at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem; the quote is Ezekiel 37:14 According to Jewish tradition, Ezekiel did not write his own book, the Book of Ezekiel, but rather his prophecies were collected and written by the Great Assembly. Even as king of Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, Zedekiah was in a rather anomalous situation. The Book of Ezekiel: Ezekiel begins with Judgment on the house of Israel, and particularly on the leaders of the nation who have been lording it over the common people (Ch.34:1-6). They are ceremonies of the worship of Yahweh and personal edification, for although the people are redeemed, righteous, and led by His Spirit, they are still subject to the weaknesses of their human nature. Jer 31:38; Zech 14:10), and the effects of the river that issues from the Temple bringing fertility to the region and life to the waters of the Dead Sea (cf. Ezekiel and Jeremiah wrote before the fall of Jerusalem while continuing to prophesy in the early exile period. What is the book of Ezekiel about in the Bible? Ezekiel's book is one of the most original in the sacred literature of Israel. He proved to be unsatisfactory for the purposes of Neco, and after three months as king Jehoahaz was deported to Egypt. Ezekiel. The book of Ezekiel was written during Ezekiel's captivity in Babylon. On this occasion Ezekiel the prophet was taken to Babylon (2 Kings 24:10-16). He has been described as being a victim of paranoid schizophrenia or even catatonia. The ministry of Ezekiel took place in one of the great critical periods of history. A married man who was often consulted by elders among the exiles, Ezekiel carried out his priestly and prophetic career during two distinct periods: (1) from 593-586 bce, a date that was doubly depressing for the prophet because it was the period when his wife died and his native city was destroyed; and (2) from 586-571 bce, the date of his last. The book records a number of visions and prophecies, purportedly proclaimed by Ezekiel during the first stages of the Babylonian exile in the early sixth century B.C.E. By the power of the Spirit he beheld it in the Temple together with the great abominations that the house of Israel are committing in its very presence (8:3-6). No software to install. He used the title Son of man in the same sense that it is used repeatedly by the prophet. 15. I. His influence upon the literature of Judaism. Consequently to magnify or glorify Himself or set His glory among the nations are acts that sanctify. It is said of the destruction of Gog: Thus will I magnify myself, and sanctify myself (, H7727, the verbal form in the text is hithpael); and I will be known in the eyes of many nations, and they shall know that I am the Lord (38:23, KJV; cf. The same principle involved in the temporary exile of Israel becomes the surety of Israels final redemption. The sacrifices and rituals are not practiced in order to secure redemption as some scholars suggest, but in order to memorialize and conserve the redemption which in the restored kingdom has already been effected. Zedekiah joined Jehoiachin in the captivity. The book of Ezekiel takes its title from the priest of the same name, son to a man named Buzi. Included among his visual aid attention-grabbers were maps, drawings, ground-reclining, head-shaving, foot-stomping, hand-clapping, wall-digging, sword-slashing, and pot-boiling activities. Ezekiel is more closely related to the gospel of John and the Revelation, as indicated by a definite literary kinship as well as doctrine than any other part of the NT. The vision symbolized the transcendence of God, His omnipotence, omnipresence, and omniscience. Judah was now a vassal state of Egypt and Neco placed Josiahs son Shallum, called Jehoahaz, on the throne (Jer 22:10-12; Ezek 19:2-4). The book is valuable for understanding the life of the exiles of Babylon. Yahweh swears by His holiness or by Himself without distinguishing between them (cf. 1. Learn More Download Ezekiels vision in the Valley of Dry Bones is probably the most vivid vision in the entire Old Testament (37). Valley of Dry Bones: place where Ezekiel received his vision of Israels future resurrection and regathering, 9. Ezekiel saw the glory cloud of the Lord on at least 12 occasions. Summary of The Book of Ezekiel. Ezekiel ( the strength of God ), one of the four greater prophets, was the son of a priest named Buzi, and was taken captive in the captivity of Jehoiachin, eleven years before the destruction of Jerusalem. Ezekiel (active 6th century B.C.) Why? The prophecies are disposed upon the whole in chronological order (The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, p. iv). Ezekiel Pronounces Judgment on Tyre: Ezekiel 26 - 28: 586 BC: Ezekiel Prophesies against Egypt: Ezekiel 29 - 32: 586 BC: Ezekiel the Watchman: Ezekiel 33: 585 BC: Ezekiel Explains Jerusalem's Fall: Ezekiel 33:21: 585 BC: Ezekiel Foresees Reproof and Restoration: Ezekiel 34 - 36: 585 BC: Ezekiel Sees Resurrection of Dry Bones: Ezekiel 37: 585 BC . The phrase manifest my holiness appears repeatedly as an expression of Yahweh (20:41; 28:22, 25; 36:23; 38:16, 23; 39:27). The book has also attracted the attention of biblical scholars who have noticed that, although Ezekiel appears to be a singularly homogeneous composition displaying a unity unusual for such a large prophetic work, it also displays, upon careful analysis, the problem of repetitions, certain inconsistencies and contradictions, and questions raised by terminological differences. [page needed] This chapter contains two prophecies, one conveying "hope for the mountains of Israel" (verses 1-15) and one declaring that Israel's . and pottery. Though the book itself indicates that the prophecies of Ezekiel occurred from about 593571 bce, some scholarswho are in a minorityhave argued that the book was written during widely divergent periods, such as in the 7th century and even as late as the 2nd century bce. He is the only biblical character, apart from Jesus, to be referred to (some 90 times) as son of man., 9. The words, he that will hear, let him hear (3:27) may possibly have been the original of the phrase as found in Matthew 11:15; Mark 7:16; Luke 14:35; Revelation 13:9, etc. canon but in the days of the rabbis Shammai and Hillel questions arose in regard to some of the canonical books which consequently came to be thought of as the Antilegomena. He gave definite and clear expression to the great theological concepts which were at the heart of the preaching of all his predecessors in the prophetic office. 28:11-19). The sense of personal responsibility was a matter of great concern for Ezekiel in his own work. party and joined the rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar (2 Kings 24:20). He also initiated a form of imagery and literature that was to have profound effects on both Judaism and Christianity all the way to the 20th century: apocalypticism (the view that God would intervene in history to save the believing remnant and that this intervention would be accompanied by dramatic, cataclysmic events). His is the final of two Old Testament books depicting the activities of Satan before his fall (compare Isa. Twentieth-century critical studies. Both Ezekiel and John saw visions of future events. This concept of God enters profoundly into the fiber of the prophets teaching and is woven into every aspect of his theology. The description of the ship Tyre is so true to life that it is one of the most important literary sources of our knowledge of ancient navigation. 14. He has become historically God of Israel to begin His revelation of Himself to the nations, and will continue in this revelation until He is known to all the earth. Since the honor of Yahweh is historically identified with the destinies of His chosen people, the ultimate disclosure of His deity can be effected only by the restoration of this nation to its Promised Land under conditions which reflect the holiness and glory of Yahweh.
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