Sushanta, K. S., Mohanty, S. & Nayak, S. K. Banana/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites: Fabrication and performance evaluation. J. Polym. Ser. https://doi.org/10.1520/D0256-10. Because of certain properties, commodity thermoplastics are considered ideal for industrial purposes. Fibers Fabr. High impact strength polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes - ScienceDirect Polymer Volume 100, 25 September 2016, Pages 259-274 High impact strength polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes Sushanta Ghoshal a , Po-Hsiang Wang a , Prabhakar Gulgunje a , Nikhil Verghese b , Satish Kumar a Add to Mendeley Sci. Parameters A and AA are under the confidence level line 2.228, therefore had insignificant influence on strength value. 3il. 264265, 743747. The red line which points to 2.228 indicates the 95% confidence level, therefore, bars above line 2.228 depict parameters that play a significant role while the ones below, points to insignificant parameters. High strength to weight ratio and stiffer & stronger than copolymer, Suitable for corrosion resistant structures, Bit softer but has better impact strength; tougher and more durable than homopolymer, Not preferable for food contact applications, Poor resistance to UV, impact and scratches, Low upper service temperature, 90 - 120C, Attacked by highly oxidizing acids, swell rapidly in chlorinated solvents and aromatics, Heat-aging stability is adversely affected by contact with metals, Post molding dimensional changes due to crystallinity effects this can be solved with nucleating agents, Better heat resistance at high temperatures, Excellent moisture and atmospheric barriers, Orientation increases tensile strength and stiffness, Good puncture and flex crack resistance over wide range of temperatures, Can be glossy, clear, opaque, matte or metalized, Efficient barrier against oxygen and moisture, Drying is not necessary if stored properly, High mold temperature will improve brilliance and appearance of the part. Maximum flexural strength is attained when 10 wt% KF is co-blended with 4 wt% PSS which is based on the interplay between kenaf fiber which serves as crack arrester and particulate snail shell which enhanced cohesion between particles and also played a major role in impeding dislocation movement. The process also led to a reduction in lignin and hemicellulose content (Table 1), thereby decreasing the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. 5b). Polym Eng Sci 59:15701584, Krause B, Rzeczkowski P, Ptschke P (2019) Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of melt-mixed polypropylene composites containing mixtures of carbon-based fillers. Udhayasankar, R., Karthikeyan, B. World J. 2013(531093), 112. Balaji, A., Purushothaman, R., Udhayasankar, R., Vijayaraj, S. & Karthikeyan, B. Meanwhile with respect to flexural strength of neat PP, 5 and 10 wt% KF dosage instigated 22.1 and 13.1% increase in strength while additional dose of 20 and 30 wt% KF in the blend led to 5.4 and 25.2% decrease in strength value when compared with the value of neat PP. High impact strength polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes Asuke, F. et al. Fibers and Polymers. %%EOF
The Coalesce of 5, 10, 20, 30 wt% KF and 4 wt% PSS offered 9.0, 16.4, 17.9, and 17.9% boast to hardness; giving higher value than the mix 2 counterpart. >> Browse among more than 13 000 commercial grades by 300+ suppliers to find your perfect PP plastic. 5(3), 5264. It can be calculated by the areas under a stress-strain curve. Graphical plot for the interaction between admix of kenaf fiber (KF)/particulate snail shell (PSS) at varying proportion for the Tensile strength. Equally, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 wt% snail shell powder were observed to improve tensile strength in recycled waste plastic developed for automobile application12. However, the mechanical and thermal properties of recycled products are lower than those of raw material. Similarly, Durowaye et al.42 corroborated the findings of this study as date palm fiber loading showed improvement of hardness in polyester composite developed in their investigation. The 4 wt% PSS yielded consecutive increase in impact, compressive and flexural strength when combined with 5 and 10 wt% KF. J Reinf Plast Compos 23: 625637, Zhuang G, Sui G, Meng H, Sun Z, Yang R (2007) Mechanical properties of potassium titanate whiskers reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) composites using different compounding processes. Additionally, hybrid polymer composites of fiber and particulate fillers blend had been a subject of investigation for years; as investigated by Balaji et al.29 which entailed a study on bagasse fiber/coconut shell hybrid biocomposites. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00357-8 (2020). Based on this and owing to the lighter weight of PP when compared with most polymeric materials, PP is being used for different parts of the vehicle. The 5 and 10 wt% KF yielded 18.8 and 36.9% improvement over pure PP accordingly. Am. Group labeled mix 2 composites entailed the blend of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% KF by weight of PP with 2 wt. Res. Graphical plot for the interaction between admix of kenaf fiber (KF)/particulate snail shell (PSS) at varying proportion and (a) hardness (b) impact strength. Effects of snail shell powder on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Polypropylene is highly impermeable to water. From Fig. It is well known that, agro-fibers and particulate fillers have a promising future as reinforcement in polymers. Biores. $da` *0k(PXX5 ( Therefore, numerous research studies on PP nanocomposites have been reported in the literature using GNP as a reinforcing nanofiller . In this paper, we wanted to improve the PP/high density polyethylene . Foaming generally requires four steps. Samples were subjected to compressive load at a strain rate of 0.1s1 and piston speed of 0.25m/s. Comparative result of Amri et al.50 reflected 20% optimum enhancement in impact strength of polypropylene matrix when 10 wt% chitosan was added, a value lower than optimum improvement realized in this study. Figure3e portrays agglomeration of PSS between kenaf fiber serving as point of stress concentration. Salman, S. D., Leman, Z., Sultan, M. T. H., Ishak, M. R. & Cardona, F. Influence of fiber content on mechanical and morphological properties of woven kenaf reinforced PVB film produced using a hot press technique. The results revealed that irrespective of size, an increasing proportion of the particle improved the yield, tensile and flexural strengths even as hardness was enhanced20. 23(1), 7077. Google Scholar. PP has good resistance to environmental stress cracking. Ser. Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Polypropylene (PP) is a tough, rigid, and crystalline thermoplastic. The snail shell powder was sieved to 15m, 30m, and 42m after which they were added at varying proportions of 10, 20, 30, and 40% respectively. 1. Notched Izod Impact: 0.1 kJm-1 (co-poly) 0.07 kJm-1 (homo-poly) Elongation at break: 300% (co-poly) 150% (homo-poly) How to compare between the main PP types? Next to PSS is Kenaf fiber followed by the interaction kenaf fiber *particulate snail shell. & Balaji, A. Image of input materials (a) kenaf fiber (b) Particulate snail shell. Notched Izod Impact Strength, 14F (-10C) 0.827 (44) ft-lb/in (J/m) ASTM D-256 Charact. Mater. J. Vinyl Add. where fmax is the flexural strength (MPa), P is the load (N), L is the support span (mm), b is the width of sample width (mm), and d is the sample thickness (mm). Figure4b highlights the relationship between impact strength and KF/PSS dosage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-014-1023-0. Effect of cellulose and lignin content on the mechanical properties and hbbd```b``"H2&E[`v*|(&%tA$SN0DJU2-`p `:$6eHN^lXd*
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Technol. Figure4a also show values for mix 10 composites (10 wt% PSS) which contained the blend of 10 wt% particulate snail shell at a fixed amount and 5, 10, 20, 30 wt% KF; the result depicted an uptrend in hardness with fiber loading. Onuegbu, G. C. & Nwanonenyi, J. C. The effect of pulverized groundnut husk on some mechanical properties of polypropylene composites. Figure3h displays how the particulate are displayed along the fibers, depicting reasons for improved strength. Effect of chemical treatment by benzenedia zonium salt in alkaline medium. Polypropylene (PP) is a type of polyolefin that is slightly harder than polyethylene. Figure3g,h depicts points of fiber entanglement and PSS clustering/agglomeration owing to larger volume fraction occupied by the two inputs which may cause segregation and agglomeration. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/189289 (2005). Eng. J. Polym. 6. Fundamental engineering materials are in most cases classified as metals, ceramics, and polymers. Figure2ad show the morphological images and energy dispersive spectra of the input materials. https://doi.org/10.1520/D2240-15E01. Int. IOP Conf. Designing bio-composites for structural applications requires a thorough understanding of their mechanical behavior. Adv. Taguchi optimization revealed that the collage of 4 wt% PSS and 10 wt% KF presented optimum mix for hybrid bio-PP composite. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF030275 (2006). That makes it a useful material in applications involving heavy loads and rugged use. Res. Snail shell particulate sieved to 25m (Fig. PDF Typical Engineering Properties of Polypropylene - INEOS Group It was noted that 5 and 10% banana fiber yielded enhancement of 7 and 14.9% in compressive strength at 10% teak wood dust. From these literatures, its clear that agro-by products in terms of fiber, play major role in the improvement of mechanical properties of developed polymeric composites. https://doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2020.1727643 (2020). PSS. 18(4), 712 (2018). Mater. Macromolecules 17:878885, Jain S, Goossens H, van Duin M, Lemstra P (2005) Effect of in situ prepared silica nano-particles on non-isothermal crystallization of polypropylene. This linear hydrocarbon resin is the lightest polymer among all commodity plastics. Thus, yielding 7.4 and 19.1 decrease in values obtained at 10 wt% KF/4 wt% PSS. Further, to investigate the influence of POE type and flowability upon the properties of the PP/POE composites, a high-crystallinity impact PP (HCPP) with a melt index (MI) of 10 g/10 min was used as the base polymer, where the MI is a measure of the ease . Simultaneous Improvement in the Tensile and Impact Strength of Polypropylene Reinforced by Graphene Journal of Nanomaterials / 2020 / Article Research Article | Open Access Volume 2020 | Article ID 7840802 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7840802 Show citation Compos. Aircr. The developed composites were grouped into three and labeled as mix 2, 4, and 10. PDF Impact Copolymer Polypropylene - Vinmar Polymers America Findings from Swain and Biswas43 and Chelliah44 linked the improvement in hardness to the cross-link of fiber with the polymer chains resulting in a complex network. A universal testing machine (Instron 3369 series) was used in the test in line with ASTM D 3039M-1736 applying a load of 100N at a crosshead speed of 5mm/min. Compos Sci Technol149: 294304, Mondal S, Khastgir D (2017) Elastomer reinforcement by graphene nanoplatelets and synergistic improvements of electrical and mechanical properties of composites by hybrid nano fillers of graphene-carbon black & graphene-MWCNT. Gupta, G., Kumar, A., Tyagi, R. & Kumar, S. Application and future of composite materials: A review. 2(6), 7983 (2013). Journal of Polymer Research 11). This occurs in humid conditions and when submerged in water. J. Polym. Key Properties PP Suppliers Polypropylene Brands What is polypropylene? Optimum mechanical properties were attained at 40% of the powder for all particle sizes considered with 15m having the highest performance. The control mix was produced as pure polypropylene (PP) with no KF and PSS admix. Wax was robbed in the mould cavity while the top and base of the mould were covered with Teflon sheets before compression. It is made from propene (or propylene) monomer. Generally, optimum results were obtained with portions between 10 and 20 wt% for the two particulates proving that dual particulate contributes to property enhancement of polymers. The representative results for the statistical data showing the ANOVA results for hardness, impact strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, and Tensile strength are as presented in Tables 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 respectively. ASTM D 695-15. 2015(189289), 19. 38(2021), 9991005. Sch. How do the core mechanical properties affect the toughening of This is further boosted by the arrest of cracks by the fibers. However, several problems exist in foaming PP. Further observation revealed that 25m treated coir particles performed optimally. volume12, Articlenumber:2468 (2022) Hydroxyapatite content from 5 to 20 wt% ensued progressive reduction in flexural strength and strain contrary to observation realized in this study. Compos Sci Technol 60:499508, Xu JW, Manepalli PH, Zhu LJ, Narayan-Sarathy S, Alavi S (2019) Morphological, barrier and mechanical properties of films from poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with nanocrystalline cellulose and chitin whiskers using melt extrusion. Findings from Balaji et al.29 achieved optimum tensile strength at 15 wt% banana fiber an increase of 65 and 68.9% over neat epoxy, for 10mm and 20mm length of the fiber respectively. Effects of gamma radiation on the impact strength of polypropylene (PP Oladele, I. O. et al. Samples for flexural and impact were prepared using a mould of dimension 150503 (mm3) and 63.512.72.5 (mm3) according to Adediran et al.34. A., Akinwande, A. CAS It was established that dispersed mainly into the RPP amorphous phase acts as although it is minority, amorphous phase change plays the main role in increasing the impact strength. Notched Impact Strength: 3.0 - 30.0 Kj/m . 3g,h is associated with depreciation in strength when 20 and 30 wt% KF is mixed with 4 wt% PSS in PP matrix. Eng. From the results, it is observed that the hardness value was enhanced by the blend of 5 to 30 wt% KF and 2, 4, and 10 wt% PSS. The fracture behaviour of polymers is strongly affected by the addition of rigid particles. The poor performance of PSS on tensile strength is reported by Okafor et al.62 in which 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% led to the progressive decrease in strength associated with possible stress concentration at particulate/matrix boundary. High impact strength polypropylene containing carbon nanotubes on the graphene weight fraction. Eng.) The result of tensile strength against KF/PSS is as presented in Fig. 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% KF resulted in 11.0, 36.4, 72.9, and 62.3%. This showed that the presence of PSS also enhanced hardness which is associated with the CaO presence of the particulate (Table 3 and Fig. Polypropylene may be used to manufacture single layer films or as a component in multilayer films via both cast and blown film processing. Haque, M. M., Hasan, M., Islam, M. S. & Ali, M. E. Physicomechanical properties of chemically treated palm and coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. https://doi.org/10.1080/1023666X.2017.1387448 (2017). Few studies carried out on compressive strength of polymer composites has shown compelling outcomes. Flexural strength was enhanced by admix of 5 and 10 wt% KF even as further addition of 20 and 30 wt% KF led to a depreciation in strength. J. Engr. In their study, the inclusion of kenaf fiber at 5 to 20 wt% in maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene led to enhancement ofstrength of composites. Article To obtain Standard Test Method Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics (ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7816912 (2016). Their studies revealed an enhancement in tensile, flexural, and impact strengths respectively. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Impact behaviour of polypropylene/polyethylene blends - ResearchGate